Omiyane bakhona minyaka yonke, umuntu angabagwema kanjani? Ukuze bagweme ukuhlukunyezwa yilezi zidalwa ezimunca igazi, abantu bebelokhu bethuthukisa izindlela ezahlukene zokulwa nazo. Kusukela ekuzivikelweni okungenamsebenzi njengamanethi omiyane nezikrini zamafasitela, kuya ekuhlaselweni okusebenzayo okune-izibulala-zinambuzanekanye nemithi yokuxosha omiyane, imithi yokufutha izimbungulu engasebenzi kodwa ethandwayo “esetshenziswa yonke into”, kumkhiqizo wamuva nje wegciwane – ibhande lesihlakala lokuxosha omiyane – elisesigabeni esihlukile, yiliphi kula maqembu elingafinyelela ngempela ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwangempela?
1.I-Pyrethroid——Ithuluzi elinamandla lokuqothula okusebenzayo
Izindlela zokubhekana nomiyane zingahlukaniswa zibe yizigaba ezimbili: ukuqeda okusebenzayo kanye nokuzivikela okungasebenzi. Phakathi kwazo, isikole sokuqeda okusebenzayo sinomlando omude futhi imiphumela yaso isobala. Phakathi kwezinto ezixosha omiyane zasekhaya ezifana nama-mosquito coils, amashidi omiyane okushisa kagesi, uketshezi lomiyane okushisa kagesi, kanye nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane ye-aerosol, izithako ezisebenzayo eziyinhloko yi-pyrethroids. Kuyisibulala-zinambuzane esibanzi esingalawula izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene futhi sinomphumela onamandla wokubulala othintana naye. Indlela yaso yokusebenza ukuphazamisa isimiso sezinzwa sezinambuzane, okubangela ukuba zisuke ekujabuleni, ekuqhaqhazeleni ziye ekukhubazekeni nasekufeni. Uma usebenzisa izinto ezixosha omiyane, ukuze ubulale omiyane kangcono, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukugcina indawo yangaphakathi isesimweni esivaliwe ukuze kulondolozwe izinga elizinzile lama-pyrethroids.
Inzuzo ephawuleka kakhulu yama-pyrethroids ukusebenza kwawo okuphezulu. Angabulala omiyane ngokugxila okuphansi kakhulu. Nakuba ama-pyrethroids angaguqulwa abe yi-metabolism futhi akhishwe ngemuva kokuhogela umzimba womuntu, asenobuthi obuncane futhi angaba nemiphumela ethile ohlelweni lwezinzwa lomuntu. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kungabangela izimpawu ezifana nokuzungeza, ikhanda elibuhlungu, imizwa engavamile yezinzwa, ngisho nokukhubazeka kwezinzwa. Ngakho-ke, uma usebenzisa izinto zokuxosha omiyane ngesikhathi sokulala, kungcono ukungawabeki eduze kwekhanda lombhede ukuze ugweme ukuphefumula umoya onama-pyrethroids amaningi kakhulu futhi kubangele ukusabela kokungakhululeki.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibulala-zinambuzane ze-aerosol zivame ukuqukethe izinto eziyingozi ezinuka kamnandi. Abantu abanezinkinga zokungezwani komzimba kufanele baqaphele lapho besebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ze-aerosol. Isibonelo, ngemva kokufutha ngenani elifanele, phuma ekamelweni ngokushesha bese uvala iminyango namafasitela. Linda amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokubuya uzovula amafasitela ukuze kungene umoya. Ngale ndlela, kokubili ukusebenza kahle kokubulala omiyane kanye nokuphepha kungaqinisekiswa.
Ngokwezinhlinzeko ezifanele ze-“Pesticide Management Regulations” zezwe, noma yimuphi umkhiqizo wokuvimbela, ukuqeda noma ukulawula omiyane, izimpukane, njll., othi unemiphumela “yokubulala omiyane” noma “yokuxosha omiyane” kumele uthole inombolo yesitifiketi sokubhalisa izibulala-zinambuzane bese uphawula ubuthi ephaketheni. Ngakho-ke, lapha siphakamisa ukuthi lapho uthenga imikhiqizo yokubulala omiyane noma yokuxosha omiyane, wonke umuntu kufanele akwazi ukuhlonza inombolo yesitifiketi sokubhalisa izibulala-zinambuzane.
Njengamanje, izibulala-zinambuzane ze-pyrethroid ezitholakala kakhulu emakethe zifaka phakathi i-tetrafluoroethyl pyrethroid kanye ne-chlorofluoroethyl pyrethroid. Izifundo zibonise ukuthi i-chlorofluoroethyl pyrethroid isebenza kahle kakhulu ekubulaleni omiyane kune-tetrafluoroethyl pyrethroid, kodwa i-tetrafluoroethyl pyrethroid iphephile ngokwemibandela yokuphepha. Ngakho-ke, lapho uthenga imikhiqizo yokulawula omiyane, umuntu angenza ukukhetha okuthile ngokusekelwe kubasebenzisi. Emindenini engenabantwana, imikhiqizo equkethe i-chlorofluoroethyl pyrethroid isebenza kahle kakhulu; uma kukhona abantwana emndenini, khona-ke imikhiqizo equkethe i-tetrafluoroethyl pyrethroid iphephile.
2. Izifutho zokuxosha izinambuzane kanye noketshezi oluxosha omiyane——Zikuvikela ngokukhohlisa umuzwa wokuhogela womiyane
Ngemva kokukhuluma ngokubulala okusebenzayo, ake sixoxe ngokuzivikela okungenamsebenzi. Lesi sikole sifana kancane ne-“Golden Bell Cover, Iron Shirt” ezincwadini zikaJin Yong. Asihlanganyeli ekubhekaneni ngqo nomiyane kodwa kunalokho sisebenzisa izindlela ezithile zokugcina lezi “zidalwa ezimunca igazi” kude nathi futhi sizihlukanise ngaphandle kwendawo ephephile.
Phakathi kwazo, izifutho zokuxosha izinambuzane kanye noketshezi lokuxosha omiyane yizona ezimele kakhulu. Isimiso sabo sokuxosha omiyane ukuwafutha esikhumbeni nasezingutsheni, besebenzisa iphunga elibi omiyane abangalithandi noma bakhe ungqimba oluvikelayo oluzungeze isikhumba ukuze baphazamise umuzwa wokuhogela komiyane, okubavimbela ekunukeni iphunga elikhethekile elikhishwa umzimba womuntu, ngaleyo ndlela bafeze umphumela wokugcina omiyane kude.
Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi i-flower water spray, nayo enomthelela "wokuxosha omiyane", iwumkhiqizo wamakha owenziwe ngamafutha e-flower water njengesithako esiyinhloko sephunga kanye notshwala nezinye izinto. Imisebenzi yayo eyinhloko ukususa ukungcola, ukubulala amagciwane, ukuvimbela ukuqubuka kokushisa nokuqeda ukulunywa. Nakuba ingaba nomphumela othile wokuvimbela omiyane, uma kuqhathaniswa nezifutho zokuxosha izinambuzane kanye noketshezi lokuxosha omiyane, kokubili ngokwendlela yokusebenza kanye nezithako eziyinhloko, zihlukile ngokuphelele, futhi lezi ezimbili azikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana.
3. Amabhande esihlakala axosha omiyane kanye nama-patches axosha omiyane——Ukuthi ayasebenza noma cha kuncike ezingxenyeni eziyinhloko
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinhlobo ezahlukene zemikhiqizo yokubulala omiyane emakethe ziye zahlukahluka kakhulu. Imikhiqizo eminingi yokubulala omiyane egqokwayo njengezindawo zokulahla omiyane, izikhonkwane zokulahla omiyane, amawashi okubulala omiyane, amabhande esihlakala okulahla omiyane, kanye nama-pendant okulahla omiyane iye yathandwa ngabantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi abazali bezingane, ngoba ayidingi ukuthintana ngqo nesikhumba. Le mikhiqizo ivame ukunamathela emzimbeni futhi isebenzise iphunga eliphumayo lomuthi ukwakha ungqimba oluvikelayo oluzungeze umzimba, oluphazamisa umuzwa wokuhogela komiyane, ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe injongo yokuxosha omiyane.
Uma uthenga lolu hlobo lwemikhiqizo yokuxosha omiyane, ngaphezu kokuhlola inombolo yokubhaliswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, kuyadingeka futhi ukuhlola ukuthi ziqukethe izithako ezisebenza kahle ngempela yini bese ukhetha imikhiqizo enezithako ezifanele kanye nokugxila kwayo ngokuya ngesimo sokusetshenziswa kanye nomsebenzisi oqondiwe.
Njengamanje, izithako ezine eziphephile nezisebenzayo zokubulala omiyane ezibhaliswe yi-US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) futhi ezinconywe yi-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) yilezi: i-DEET, i-Picaridin, i-IR3535/Immergen, kanye ne-Lemon Eucalyptus Oil (OLE) noma i-extract yayo, i-Lemon Eucalyptol (PMD). Phakathi kwazo, ezintathu zokuqala ziyizinto zokwenziwa ngamakhemikhali, kanti eyokugcina iyisakhi esisekelwe ezitshalweni. Ngokuphathelene nokusebenza kahle, i-DEET isebenza kahle kakhulu futhi ihlala isikhathi eside, i-Picaridin ne-IR3535/Immergen ziza ngokulandelayo, futhi isikhathi sokulwa ne-Lemon Eucalyptus Oil sifushane kakhulu.
Ngokombono wokuphepha, njengoba i-DEET inokucasuka okuthile esikhumbeni, ngokuvamile sincoma ukuthi izingane zikhethe imikhiqizo enokuqukethwe kwe-DEET okungaphansi kuka-10%. Ezinsaneni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyi-6, imikhiqizo equkethe i-DEET akufanele isetshenziswe. I-IR3535/Immergen ayinayo imiphumela emibi enobuthi esikhumbeni futhi ayingeni esikhumbeni, futhi okwamanje ibhekwa njengomkhiqizo ophephile wokuxosha omiyane ongasetshenziswa nsuku zonke. Amafutha e-Lemon Eucalyptus angakhishwa ezintweni zemvelo futhi aphephile futhi awacasuli esikhumbeni, kodwa ama-terpene kanye nama-aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds aqukethe angabangela ukungezwani komzimba. Ngakho-ke, emazweni amaningi aseYurophu naseMelika, akukhuthazwa ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-3 ubudala.
4. Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kanye nezinsana ezincane——Kunconywa kakhulu ukusebenzisa izindlela eziphephile nezisebenzayo zokubulala omiyane ngokomzimba
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisifutho sokuxosha omiyane, amanzi okuxosha omiyane noma ama-patches okuxosha omiyane, konke lokhu kungokwemithi yokuxosha omiyane yamakhemikhali. Nakuba izindlela zokuxosha omiyane zamakhemikhali zisebenza kahle futhi zilula, kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kanye nezingane ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala, kusanconywa ukusebenzisa izindlela eziphephile zomzimba zokuxosha omiyane.
Njengamanje, imikhiqizo yokuxosha omiyane ebonakalayo emakethe ifaka kakhulu izibani zokuxosha omiyane kanye nezimbobo zikagesi zomiyane. Ukuma kwesimbobo somiyane kufana nerakhethi yethenisi, futhi kukhona ugesi oqinile onamandla aphezulu phakathi kwezintambo zensimbi. Ngokumane ujike “irakhethi”, omiyane abanenhlanhla abathinta ucingo bazobulawa ngogesi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa kagesi, kunconywa ukuthi abantu abadala bayisebenzise. Isibani sokuxosha omiyane sisebenzisa ukukhanya okubonakala komiyane ukuze sibadonsele, sibavumele ukuthi bangene, babhajwe, noma babanjwe ngogesi, bese ekugcineni bome bese befa. I-decibel esebenzayo yesibani sokuxosha omiyane iphansi kakhulu, futhi empeleni ayithinti ukulala. I-coefficient yokuphepha iphakeme kakhulu, kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi idinga ukubekwa endaweni izingane ezingenakuyifinyelela.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-14-2026
