Ingabe ufuna enye indlela yezibulala-zinambuzane ze-neonicotinoid?U-Alejandro Calixto, umqondisi we-Cornell University's Integrated Pest Management Programme, wabelane ngemininingwane ethile phakathi nohambo lwezitshalo zasehlobo lwakamuva olusingathwe yi-New York Corn and Soybean Growers Association e-Rodman Lott & Sons Farm.
"Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane okudidiyelwe kuyisu elisekelwe kwisayensi eligxile ekuvimbeleni isikhathi eside ukwenzeka kwezinambuzane noma ukulimala ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela yamasu," kusho uCalixto.
Ubheka ipulazi njengendawo yemvelo exhumene nemvelo, indawo ngayinye inomthelela kwenye.Kodwa lesi futhi akusona isixazululo esisheshayo.
Ukubhekana nezinkinga zezinambuzane ngokulawulwa okudidiyelwe kwezinambuzane kuthatha isikhathi, esho.Uma inkinga ethile isixazululiwe, umsebenzi awupheli.
Iyini i-IPM?Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise izinqubo zezolimo, izakhi zofuzo, izilawuli zamakhemikhali nezebhayoloji, nokuphathwa kwendawo.Inqubo iqala ngokuhlonza izinambuzane, ukuqapha kanye nokubikezela lezo zinambuzane, ukukhetha isu le-IPM, nokuhlola imiphumela yalezi zenzo.
U-Calixto wabiza abantu be-IPM asebenza nabo, futhi bakha ithimba elifana ne-SWAT elalilwa nezinambuzane ezifana nezigaxa zombila.
"Ziyi-systemic ngokwemvelo, zithathwa yizicubu zezitshalo futhi zihamba nge-vascular system," kusho uCalixto.“Ziyakwazi ukuncibilika emanzini kanti uma zifakwe emhlabathini zimuncwa izitshalo.Lezi izibulala-zinambuzane ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni, eziqondise izinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane ezibalulekile.”
Kepha ukusetshenziswa kwayo sekubuye kwaba yimpikiswano, futhi ama-neonicotinoids wombuso angahle abe semthethweni eNew York.Ngasekuqaleni kwaleli hlobo, iNdlu kanye neSenethi baphasise umthetho obizwa nge-Birds and Bees Protection Act, obuzovala ngempumelelo ukusetshenziswa kwembewu efakwe neon esifundazweni.UGov. Kathy Hochul akakawusayini lo mthethosivivinywa, futhi akucaci ukuthi uzokwenza nini lokho.
Impethu yombila ngokwayo iyisilokazana esiqinile ngoba idlula ubusika kalula.Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, izimpukane ezindala ziyavela futhi zizalane.Ezinsikazi zizalela amaqanda emhlabathini, zikhetha indawo “eyintandokazi”, njengenhlabathi equkethe izinto eziphilayo ezibolayo, amasimu avundiswe umquba noma izitshalo zokumboza, noma lapho kutshalwa khona imidumba ethile.Amatshwele adla imbewu esanda kumila, kuhlanganise nommbila nobhontshisi wesoya.
Enye yazo ukusetshenziswa “kwezicupho ezinamathelayo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka” epulazini.Idatha yokuqala asebenza ngayo nochwepheshe wezitshalo zasensimini ye-Cornell Extension uMike Stanyard iphakamisa ukuthi umbala wezicupho ubalulekile.
Ngonyaka odlule, abacwaningi base-Cornell University bahlola amasimu emapulazini angu-61 ukuthi akhona yini izigaxa zommbila.Idatha yabonisa ukuthi ingqikithi yenani lezigaxa zommbila wembewu ezicupheni ze-cutworm ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka lalisondele ku-500, kuyilapho ingqikithi yenani lezinhlamvu zommbila wembewu ezicupheni zezibungu eziphuzi ze-fall armyworm lalingaphezudlwana kuka-100.
Enye indlela ethembisayo ye-neon ukubeka izicupho ezicushiwe emasimini.UCalixto uthe izigaxa zommbila zikhangwa ikakhulukazi i-alfalfa evutshiwe, obekungcono kakhulu kunezinye izilobo ezihloliwe (izinsalela ze-alfalfa, ukudla kwamathambo, ukudla kwenhlanzi, ubulongwe bobisi obuwuketshezi, ukudla kwenyama kanye nezinto ezikhangayo zokwenziwa)..
Ukubikezela ukuthi izimpethu zombila zizovela nini kungasiza abalimi abanolwazi mayelana nokulawulwa kwezinambuzane okudidiyelwe ukuhlela kangcono impendulo yabo.I-Cornell University ithuthukise ithuluzi lokubikezela isimpethu sembewu—newa.cornell.edu/seedcorn-maggot—omanje esihlolwa nge-beta.
"Lokhu kusiza ukubikezela ukuthi ngabe udinga uku-oda imbewu ephathwe ekwindla," kusho uCalixto.
Okunye ukwelashwa kwembewu yimbewu ephathwa nge-methyl jasmonate, okuthi elabhorethri ibangele ukuthi izitshalo zingazweli ekuphakeleni kwe-corn grub.Idatha yokuqala ibonisa ukwehla okukhulu kwenani lezimpethu ezisebenzayo.
Ezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo zihlanganisa i-diamides, i-thiamethoxam, i-chlorantraniliprole, ne-spinosad.Idatha yokuqala ibonisa ukuthi zonke izimpethu zokulawula imbewu yombila ziqhathaniswa neziqephu ezinembewu engelashiwe.
Kulo nyaka, ithimba lika-Calixto liqedela izivivinyo ze-greenhouse lisebenzisa i-methyl jasmonate ukuthola impendulo yomthamo nokuphepha kwezitshalo.
“Sifuna namakhava,” esho.“Ezinye izitshalo zokumboza ziheha izigaxa zommbila.Awukho umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokutshala izitshalo zokumboza manje nokuzitshala ngaphambili.Nakulo nyaka sibona iphethini efanayo, kodwa asazi ukuthi kungani.”
Ngonyaka ozayo, ithimba lihlela ukufaka imiklamo emisha yogibe esivivinyweni sasensimini futhi landise ithuluzi lengozi ukuze lifake indawo, izitshalo zekhava, nomlando wezinambuzane ukuze kuthuthukiswe imodeli;ukuhlolwa kwensimu ye-methyl jasmonate kanye nokwelashwa kwembewu yendabuko ngezibulala-zinambuzane ezifana ne-diamide ne-spinosad;kanye nokuhlola ukusetshenziswa kwe-methyl jasmonate njenge-ejenti yokomisa imbewu yommbila elungele abalimi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-14-2023