Ukusebenzisana kwe-gibberellin ne-potassium nitrate, kanye nomthelela womthombo wempova ezimpahleni ze-physicochemical zamagilebhisi.

Kumagilebhisi etafula, okuhlanganisa nohlobo lwesifazane iSiah-e-Samarkhandi, isimo seqembu kanye nosayizi wezithelo kubalulekile. Kodwa-ke, ukutshalwa kwaleli gilebhisi kubhekene nezinselele eziningana, njengokuwa kwamajikijolo kanye nezithelo ezincane, okuholela ekunciphiseni isivuno kanye nenani lemakethe. Ukuwa kwamajikijolo kuyinkinga enkulu kuhlobo lweSiah-e-Samarkhandi. Ngakho-ke, lolu cwaningo luhlole imiphumela ye-0, 30, 60, kanye ne-90 mg/L⁻¹ GA₃ kanye ne-0 kanye ne-1.5% HKO₃ ekuthuthweni kwembewu yezinhlobo zeSiah-e-Samarkhandi ngaphansi kwezimo zokuthuthwa kwembewu ezivulekile nezilawulwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, olunye ucwaningo luhlole imiphumela yemithombo yempova (iSiah-e-Shiraz, Askari, Rotabi, Rishbaba, kanye ne-Aatabaki) ekuthuthweni kwembewu yezinhlobo zeSiah-e-Samarkhandi. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi, ngaphandle kohlobo lwe-Atabaki, impova evela kwezinye izinhlobo ithuthukise kokubili isivuno samajikijolo kanye nembewu yeqembu kuhlobo lweSiah-e-Samarkhandi. Sekukonke, inhlanganisela engu-30 mg/Li-gibberellin (GA₃)kanye ne-potassium nitrate engu-1.5% (KNO₃) ibe nomthelela obaluleke kakhulu ekuvuseleleni ikhwalithi kanye nesivuno samajikijolo kanye neqembu.
Lolu hlobo lubaluleke kakhulu e-Iran nasesifundazweni saseFars ngenxa yobusha balo kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-anthocyanin. Amagilebhisi aseSiah-e-Samarkhandi akhula esimweni sezulu esomile, kanti imvula ephakathi kuka-300 kuya ku-450 mm ezindaweni ezahlukene zesifundazwe. Ngenxa yokuthi ukubukeka kweqoqo lamagilebhisi kanye nosayizi wamagilebhisi kubalulekile ekuvuseleleni, kunezinkinga eziningana, njengosayizi wamagilebhisi ongaguquki, ikhwalithi yeqoqo elibi, kanye nokubalwa kwamagilebhisi aphansi ngeqoqo ngalinye (ngenxa yokwehla kwezithelo), okunciphisa isivuno.³ Ukukhishwa kwembewu yamagilebhisi okudliwayo kungaba nemiphumela eyahlukahlukene yezinto eziphilayo, okuhlanganisa ukusebenza njengama-antioxidants emvelo, izilondolozi, kanye nezibulali-magciwane zokudla, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele ukungcoliswa kokudla ngamagciwane ayingozi.

Ngokuphathelene nokuhambisana kwezinhlobo zamagilebhisi, izinhlobo eziningi ziyahambisana futhi ziyazivundisa. Ukuvundisa ezitshalweni ezivaliwe kuvamile kumagilebhisi. Nakuba kunezimo ezihlukile, azivamile; ezinye izinhlobo azihambisani. Ukukhiqizwa kwezithelo kanye nekhwalithi kuthonywa yizici eziningi. Esinye sezici eziyisisekelo i-biology yokuzala kwezinhlobo zamagilebhisi. Ukuthuthukiswa okugcwele kwezitho zezimbali kanye nokukhiqizwa kwempova efanele enezinga eliphezulu lokuhluma kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuzala. Ukuhluma kwempova kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo, izimo zokudla okunempilo, kanye nezici zemvelo, futhi izimo ezifanele zokuhluma kwempova ziyahlukahluka.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-gibberellin kumagilebhisi amasha angenambewu kungandisa usayizi wamajikijolo ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezithelo. 8.
Njengoba izinga eliphezulu lokutshala amagilebhisi liphezulu, ukuthola izixazululo ezifanele zokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yawo kubalulekile. Ukwelashwa ngempova kwenziwa ezinhlotsheni ezifana neSiah-e-Shiraz nezinye, njengoba lokhu kwelashwa kwaholela ezinhlamvini zempova ezinezinga eliphezulu lokuhluma (idatha ayinikeziwe). Ukubeka lezi zinhlamvu zempova (izinhlamvu zempova ezinempilo ziwumthombo ocebile we-auxin ne-GA3) kwisitayela sezinhlobo zeSiah-e-Samarkhandi futhi ukuhluma kwazo kukhuthaza ukukhula kwesibeletho, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwenani elikhulu lala ma-hormone, futhi ekugcineni, ukwakheka kwezithelo. Ukuba khona kwezinhlamvu zempova ezinempilo esithelweni kuholela ekwakhekeni kwembewu enempilo (Izithombe 1A-F). Inhloso eyinhloko yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuphenya izimbangela zokuqhekeka kwezithelo zamagilebhisi kanye nokusebenza kahle kokwelashwa okufana nokusebenzisana kwe-gibberellin (GA3) kanye ne-potassium nitrate (KNO3) kanye nokuvundisa impova ekuvimbeleni noma ekunciphiseni le nkinga kuhlobo lwamagilebhisi lweSiah-e-Samarkhandi.
Lokhu kuhlola kwenziwe iminyaka emibili (2021-2022) esivinini semvula esithengiswayo edolobhaneni laseKhoral, enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeShiraz, e-Iran (35 km enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeShiraz, 29°57′ N, 52°14′ S). Lesi sifunda sinesimo sezulu esipholile nesipholile esinemvula yaminyaka yonke engama-450 mm kanye nomhlabathi wobumba. Izivini zamagilebhisi zatshalwa ngamamitha angu-3.5 ngokwemigqa kanye namamitha angu-4 phakathi kwezivini ngazinye. Isivini sasinganiselwa (ezolimo eziniselwayo). Ukuqoqwa kwezinto zezitshalo kwakuhambisana neziqondiso nemithethonqubo efanele yezikhungo, kazwelonke, kanye neyamazwe ngamazwe futhi kwagunyazwa yibhizinisi lezolimo zezitshalo ngokubambisana neShiraz University.
Ukuhlolwa kokuqala nokwesibili kusebenzise umklamo we-factorial osekelwe kumklamo wamabhulokhi angahleliwe futhi kwaphindwa izikhathi ezine.
Ukuhlolwa kwesithathu kwakuhilela ukuvundiswa kwempova (ukuvuthwa kwempova okulawulwayo) kwesitshalo se-Siah-e-Samarghandi kusetshenziswa impova evela ezinhlotsheni ezinhlanu (i-Rotabi, i-Rishbaba, i-Askari, i-Atabaki, kanye ne-Siah-e-Shiraz). Impova evela kusitshalo se-Siah-e-Samarghandi yasetshenziselwa ukuzivundisa ngokwaso lesi sitshalo futhi yasebenza njengokulawula kulolu vivinyo.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezinhlobo zamagilebhisi zeSiah-e-Samarghandi, impova yalezi zinhlobo yafakwa kuma-inflorescence amane akhethiwe. Usuku olulodwa kuya kwezintathu ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ama-inflorescence akhethiwe afakwa ezikhwameni zephepha. Amaphesenti angamashumi amabili nanhlanu ezimbali zohlobo lokupholisha afakwa ezikhwameni. Ezinsukwini eziyishumi kuya kweziyishumi nane ngemva kokuqhakaza, zonke izikhwama zephepha zasuswa kuma-inflorescence.
Ngemva kokuvuthwa kwezithelo (okuqukethwe kwezinto eziqinile ezincibilikayo ≥16%), isivuno samagilebhisi sasilinganiswa ngasinye. Izigaxa eziyisishiyagalombili (ezine zifakwe emasakeni, ezinye zingafakwanga emasakeni) zabe sezikhethwa ngokungahleliwe ezinhlangothini ezine zomvini zadluliselwa elabhorethri ye-physiological yoMnyango Wezolimo, i-Faculty of Agriculture, i-Shiraz University, e-Iran, ukuze kuchazwe inani kanye nekhwalithi.
Izinga lokubekwa kwezithelo libalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula elandelayo ngokubala inani lezimbali ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kanye nenani lamajikijolo akhiwe ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ngemuva kokuqhakaza.
Ezivivinyweni ezimbili zokuqala, amajikijolo ayi-10 akhethwa ngokungahleliwe esiqwini ngasinye; ekuvivinyweni kwesithathu, kwakhethwa amajikijolo angama-50. Inani lembewu kujikijolo ngalinye labalwa, futhi inani elimaphakathi lembewu ngejikijolo ngalinye eqenjini ngalinye lokwelashwa labalwa.
Ukuze kutholakale ama-phenolic compounds, i-extract yejusi yezithelo yancibilikiswa nge-1:1 nge-80% methanol. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-100 μl ye-ethanol extract yaxutshwa ne-400 μl ye-phosphate buffer kanye ne-2.5 ml ye-Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (Sigma-Aldrich). Ngemva komzuzu owodwa, kwanezelwa ama-2 ml esisombululo se-sodium carbonate esingu-7.5% engxubeni, futhi isampula yafakwa ku-25°C imizuzu emi-5. Ukumuncwa kwabe sekulinganiswa ku-760 nm kusetshenziswa i-spectrophotometer (BioTek Instruments, Inc., USA). Imiphumela ivezwa njengama-milligram e-gallic acid ngamagremu ayi-100 esisindo esisha, kusetshenziswe i-gallic acid.^asindinganiso.
Okuqukethwe kwe-anthocyanin kunqunywe ngendlela ye-pH ehlukile kusetshenziswa ama-buffer amabili ahlukene: i-buffer engu-25 mM KCl ku-pH 1.0 kanye ne-0.4 M sodium acetate buffer ku-pH 4.5. Isampula ngayinye yafakwa kuma-buffer womabili imizuzu eyi-15, futhi ukumuncwa kwalinganiswa ku-510 nm kanye no-700 nm, kanye nama-replica amahlanu esampula ngayinye. Okuqukethwe okuphelele kwe-anthocyanin kunqunywe ngokwendlela kaSabir et al..
Umsebenzi we-Antioxidant^{kwakunqunyiwe}kusetshenziswa indlela ye-1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH). Indlela ethile yayinje: I-100 ml yejusi yezithelo yaxutshwa ne-methanol namanzi ngesilinganiso esingu-1:100. I-extract yabe isixutshwa ne-2 ml yesisombululo se-0.1 mM DPPH ku-methanol. Ngemva kwemizuzu engama-30, ukumuncwa kwesisombululo esitholiwe kwalinganiswa ku-517 nm kusetshenziswa i-Cecil 2010 UV spectrophotometer. Ukumuncwa kwama-free radical kwe-DPPH ngaphandle kwe-extract kwasetshenziswa njengokulawula. Umsebenzi we-antioxidant wabalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula elandelayo:
Lokhu kuhlola kusebenzise umklamo ongahleliwe ngokuphelele, ophindwe kathathu (ukuphindaphinda ngakunye kwakuqukethe amaqoqo amane). Idatha yahlaziywa kusetshenziswa isofthiwe ye-SAS 9.1, kanti ukuhlolwa kukaTukey kwasetshenziswa ukuqhathanisa izindlela ezingeni lokubaluleka elingu-0.05. Amamephu okushisa eqoqo akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa isofthiwe ye-R yokuhlaziya okuningi.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokwelashwa kokuzivundisa (14.97%), inani le-TSS lokuvundisa impova ekwelashweni kwe-Atabaqui lalingu-16.93%, okuwumehluko obalulekile. Akukho mehluko obalulekile owabonwa phakathi kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha kanye nokwelashwa kokuzivundisa (Isithombe 4B).
Umsebenzi ophezulu kakhulu we-antioxidant ubonwe ngokuzivundisa (55.78%), kanti ophansi kakhulu ubonwe ngempova ye-atabaca (18.88%) kanye ne-askari (31.54%). Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha azizange zihluke kakhulu eqenjini lokulawula.