一,Ukubuna kwe-Fusarium
Izimpawu zokulimala:
Ukotini Ukubuna kwe-FusariumKungavela ezitshalweni kuya kubantu abadala, kanti ukwanda okukhulu kwenzeka ngaphambi nangemva kokuhluma. Kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezi-5:
1. Uhlobo Oluphuzi Olunezinhlayiya: Imithambo yamaqabunga esitshalo esinesifo iphenduka ibe phuzi, i-mesophyll ihlala iluhlaza, kanti amanye noma iningi lamaqabunga abonakala ephuzi, encipha kancane kancane futhi oma;
2. Uhlobo lokuba phuzi: Izingxenye zendawo noma ezinkulu zemiphetho yamaqabunga ziphenduka zibe phuzi, zinciphe futhi zome;
3. Uhlobo olubomvu onsomi: Izingxenye zasendaweni noma ezinkulu zamaqabunga ziphenduka zibe bomvu onsomi, kanti imithambo yamaqabunga nayo ibonakala ibomvu onsomi, ibuna futhi ibuna;
4. Uhlobo oluluhlaza olubunayo: Amaqabunga alahlekelwa amanzi ngokuzumayo, umbala wamaqabunga uba luhlaza okotshani kancane, amaqabunga aba thambile futhi abe mancane, sonke isitshalo siluhlaza futhi somile futhi siyafa, kodwa amaqabunga ngokuvamile awawi, futhi ama-petioles ayagoba;
5. Uhlobo lokushwabana: Uma kunamaqabunga angempela angu-5-7, iningi lamaqabunga aphezulu esitshalo esinesifo liyashwabana, liguqukile, liluhlaza okotshani ngombala, linama-internode amafushane, amafushane kunezitshalo ezinempilo, ngokuvamile awafi, futhi i-xylem yengxenye yezimpande nesiqu sesitshalo esinesifo iba nsundu ngombala omnyama.
Iphethini ye-pathogenesis:
Igciwane lokubuna kukakotini livame kakhulu ebusika ezimbewini zezitshalo ezigulayo, ezinsaleleni zezitshalo ezigulayo, enhlabathini, nasemqubeni. Ukuthuthwa kwembewu engcolile kuyimbangela eyinhloko yezindawo ezintsha zezifo, kanti imisebenzi yezolimo efana nokulima, ukuphatha, kanye nokunisela emasimini kakotini athintekile yizinto ezibalulekile zokudluliselana eduze. Izinhlamvu ezibangela izifo zingakhula ezimpandeni, eziqwini, emaqabunga, emagobolondweni, njll. zezitshalo ezigulayo ngesikhathi somswakama ophezulu, okungasakazeka ngokuhamba komoya kanye nemvula, kuthelele izitshalo ezinempilo ezizungezile.
Ukwanda Kokotini Ukubuna kwe-Fusariumkuhlobene kakhulu nokushisa kanye nomswakama. Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo siqala cishe ku-20 ℃ izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi, futhi sifinyelela esicongweni lapho izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi lenyuka lifike ku-25 ℃ -28 ℃; Emvuleni noma ngonyaka onemvula ehlobo, lesi sifo siba sibi kakhulu; Amasimu kakotini anezindawo eziphansi, inhlabathi enzima, inhlabathi ene-alkaline, amanzi angahambi kahle, ukusetshenziswa komanyolo we-nitrogen, kanye nokutshalwa kabanzi kuthinteka kakhulu.
Ukuvimbela nokulawula amakhemikhali:
1. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, sebenzisa i-40% carbendazim • i-pentachloronitrobenzene, i-50% methyl sulfur • i-thiram isisombululo esiphindwe ka-500 sokubulala amagciwane enhlabathini;
2. Ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo, izimpande zaziniselwa nge-40% carbendazim • i-pentachloronitrobenzene, i-50% methylsulfide • i-thiram solution spray izikhathi ezingu-600-800 noma isixazululo izikhathi ezingu-500, noma isixazululo izikhathi ezingu-50% thiram 600-800, isixazululo izikhathi ezingu-80% mancozeb izikhathi ezingu-800-1000, ngomphumela obalulekile wokulawula;
3. Emasimini anesifo esikhulu, ngesikhathi esifanayo, kusetshenziswa isisombululo se-potassium dihydrogen phosphate esingu-0.2% kanye nesisombululo se-urea esingu-1% ukuze kufakwe i-foliar spray njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-5-7 izikhathi ezingu-2-3 zilandelana. Umphumela wokuvimbela lesi sifo usobala kakhulu.
二,I-Cotton Verticillium Wilt
Izimpawu zokulimala:
Ngaphambi nangemva kokuhluma ensimini, lesi sifo siqala ukwenzeka, lapho imiphetho yamaqabunga anesifo ilahlekelwa amanzi futhi ibuna. Amabala aphuzi angajwayelekile avela ku-mesophyll phakathi kwemithambo yamaqabunga, kancane kancane akhula abe amabala aluhlaza njengesundu emithanjeni yamaqabunga, afana nezikhumba zamakhabe. Amaqabunga aphakathi naphansi akhula kancane kancane aye engxenyeni engenhla, ngaphandle kokuwa noma ukuwa kancane kwamaqabunga. Isitshalo esinesifo sifushane kancane kunesitshalo esinempilo. Ngemva kwesomiso eside ehlobo kanye nemvula enkulu, noma ukunisela ngamanzi abandayo, amaqabunga avele abuna ngokuzumayo, njengokushiswa ngamanzi abilayo, abese ewa, okubizwa ngokuthi uhlobo lokubuna olubukhali.
Ukuvimbela nokulawula amakhemikhali:
1. Ukukhetha izinhlobo ezimelana nezifo kanye nokusebenzisa ukujikeleza kanye nokujikeleza kwezitshalo. Esifundeni esisenyakatho sikakotini, ukusebenzisa ukujikeleza kukakolweni, ummbila, kanye nokotini kunganciphisa ukwanda kwezifo; Ukufafaza ngesikhathi esifanele abalawuli bokukhula njengeSujie An ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuhluma kanye ne-boll kunganciphisa ukwenzeka kwe-verticillium wilt.
2. Esigabeni sokuqala, i-80% mancozeb, i-50% thiram, i-50% methamphetamine, i-thiram nezinye izinto zafuthwa ngoketshezi oluphindwe izikhathi ezingu-600-800 kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-5-7 izikhathi ezintathu zilandelana, okwaba nomthelela omuhle ekuvimbeleni ukubuna kwe-cotton verticillium.
三,Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-cotton verticillium wilt kanye ne-fusarium wilt
1. Ukubuna kwe-Verticillium kubonakala sekwephuzile futhi kuqala ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuhluma; Ukubuna kwe-Fusarium kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu ngesikhathi sokuhluma kwembewu, kanti isigaba sokuhluma yisigaba esiphezulu salesi sifo.
2. Ukubuna kwe-Verticillium kuqala kakhulu emaqabunga angezansi, kanti ukubuna kwe-fusarium kuvame ukuqala kusukela phezulu kuya phansi.
3. Ukubuna kwe-Verticillium kubangela ukuphuzi kwe-mesophyll kanti ukubuna kwe-fusarium kubangela ukuphuzi kwemithambo.
4. Ukubuna kwe-Verticillium kubangela ukufiphala okuncane, kuyilapho ukufiphala kwe-fusarium kubangela uhlobo lwesitshalo ukuba lufiphale kanye nama-internode abe mafushane;
5. Ngemva kokusika isiqu, i-vascular bundle verticillium wilt iba nsundu ngokukhanyayo, kanti i-fusarium wilt iba nsundu ngokumnyama.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba 14-2023