一,I-Fusarium wilt
Izimpawu zokulimala:
Ukotini I-Fusarium wiltkungenzeka kusuka ezithonjeni kuya kubantu abadala, futhi izehlakalo eziningi zenzeka ngaphambi nangemva kokuhluma.Ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezi-5:
1. I-Yellow Reticulated Type: Imithambo yamaqabunga esitshalo esigulayo iba phuzi, i-mesophyll ihlala iluhlaza, futhi amanye amaqabunga noma iningi lamaqabunga abonakala ephuzi, ancipha futhi omile;
2. Uhlobo oluphuzi: Izingxenye zendawo noma ezinkulu zemiphetho yamaqabunga ziba phuzi, zishwabane futhi zome;
3. Uhlobo olubomvu obunsomi: Izingxenye zendawo noma ezinkulu zamaqabunga ziba nsomi zibebomvu, futhi imithambo yamaqabunga nayo ibonakala ibomvu ngokunsomi, ibuna futhi ibuna;
4. Uhlobo olubunile oluluhlaza: Amaqabunga alahlekelwa amanzi kungazelelwe, umbala wamaqabunga uba luhlaza kancane, amaqabunga athambile abe mncane, sonke isitshalo siba luhlaza futhi somile futhi siyafa, kodwa amaqabunga ngokuvamile awawi, futhi i-petioles igobile;
5. Uhlobo lokushwabana: Lapho kunamaqabunga eqiniso angama-5-7, amaqabunga amaningi aphezulu esitshalo esigulayo ayashwabana, akhubazekile, abe luhlaza okotshani ngombala, abe nama-internode afinyeziwe, amafushane kunezitshalo ezinempilo, ngokuvamile awafi, kanye ne-xylem yesitshalo. izimpande nesiqu sesitshalo esigulayo siba nsundu omnyama.
Iphethini ye-Pathogenesis:
I-cotton wilt pathogen ivame kakhulu ebusika ezimbewu zezitshalo ezigulayo, izinsalela zezitshalo ezigulayo, inhlabathi, kanye nomquba.Ukuthuthwa kwembewu engcolile kuyimbangela eyinhloko yezindawo ezintsha zezifo, futhi imisebenzi yezolimo njengokutshala, ukuphatha, nokunisela emasimini kakotini athintekile yizici ezibalulekile zokudluliselwa okuseduze.Izinhlamvu ze-Pathogenic zingakhula ezimpandeni, iziqu, amaqabunga, amagobolondo, njll. zezitshalo ezigulayo ngesikhathi somswakama ophezulu, ongasabalala ngokugeleza komoya kanye nemvula, ukuthelela izitshalo ezinempilo ezizungezile.
Isigameko sikakotini I-Fusarium wiltihlobene eduze nezinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama.Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo siqala cishe ku-20 ℃ izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi, futhi sifinyelele umvuthwandaba lapho izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi likhuphuka lifike ku-25 ℃ -28 ℃;Emvuleni noma onyakeni wemvula ehlobo, lesi sifo sibucayi;Amasimu kakotini anezindawo eziphansi, inhlabathi enzima, inhlabathi ene-alkaline, amanzi angenalutho, ukufaka umanyolo we-nitrogen, kanye nokulinywa okukhulu kuthinteka kakhulu.
Ukuvimbela nokulawula amakhemikhali:
1. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, sebenzisa u-40% we-carbendazim • i-pentachloronitrobenzene, 50% ye-methyl sulfur • i-thiram izikhathi ezingama-500 isixazululo sokubulala amagciwane enhlabathini;
2. Ekuqaleni kwesifo, izimpande zaziniselwa ngo-40% carbendazim • pentachloronitrobenzene, 50% methylsulfide • thiram 600-800 times solution spray noma 500 times solution, noma 50% thiram 600-800 times solution, 80% mancozeb 800000 Isixazululo sezikhathi eziyi-1000, esinomphumela obalulekile wokulawula;
3. Ezinsimini ezigula kakhulu, ngesikhathi esifanayo, isisombululo se-potassium dihydrogen phosphate esingu-0.2% kanye nesisombululo se-urea esingu-1% sisetshenziselwa ukufuthwa kwe-foliar njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-5-7 izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ezilandelanayo.Umphumela wokuvimbela isifo usobala kakhulu.
二,I-Cotton Verticillium Wilt
Izimpawu zokulimala:
Ngaphambi nangemuva kokumila ensimini, lesi sifo siqala ukwenzeka, emaphethelweni amaqabunga anesifo alahlekelwa amanzi futhi abune.Iziqephu eziphuzi ezingavamile zivela ku-mesophyll phakathi kwemithambo yamaqabunga, kancane kancane zikhula zibe isundu eliluhlaza njengamabala emithanjeni yamaqabunga, afana nezikhumba zekhabe.Amaqabunga aphakathi nendawo naphansi kancane kancane akhula ebheke engxenyeni engenhla, ngaphandle kokuwa noma ukuwa kwamaqabunga kancane.Isitshalo esinesifo sifushane kunesitshalo esinempilo.Ngemva kwesomiso eside sasehlobo nesiphepho, noma ukunisela ngezikhukhula, amaqabunga abuna kungazelelwe, njengokushiswa amanzi abilayo, abese ewa, okubizwa ngokuthi uhlobo olubi kakhulu.
Ukuvimbela nokulawula amakhemikhali:
1. Ukukhetha izinhlobo ezimelana nezifo nokusebenzisa ukushintshanisa nokushintshanisa izitshalo.Esifundeni sikakotini esisenyakatho, ukusebenzisa ukolweni, ummbila, nokushintshanisa ukotini kunganciphisa izinga lezifo;Izilawuli zokukhula ezifafazwa ngesikhathi ezifana ne-Sujie An ngesikhathi sokuhluma kanye nezigaba ze-boll zingadambisa ukuvela kwe-verticillium wilt.
2. Ekuqaleni, u-80% we-mancozeb, u-50% we-thiram, u-50% we-methamphetamine, i-thiram namanye ama-ejenti afuthwe ngoketshezi izikhathi ezingu-600-800 kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-5-7 izikhathi ezintathu zilandelana, okube nomthelela omuhle ukuvimbela ukotini verticillium wilt.
三,Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-cotton verticillium wilt ne-fusarium wilt
1. I-Verticillium wilt ibonakala sekwephuzile futhi iqala ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuhluma;I-Fusarium wilt ingabangela umonakalo omkhulu ngesikhathi sezithombo, kanti isigaba se-bud yisigaba esiphezulu sesifo.
2. I-Verticillium wilt ngokuvamile iqala emaqabunga aphansi, kanti i-fusarium wilt ngokuvamile iqala ukusuka phezulu phansi.
3. I-Verticillium wilt ibangela ukuphuzi kwe-mesophyll kanye ne-fusarium wilt kubangela ukuphuzi kwemithambo.
4. I-Verticillium wilt ibangela ukufiphala kancane, kuyilapho i-fusarium wilt ibangela uhlobo lwesitshalo lube lufifi kanye nama-internode abe mfishane;
5. Ngemva kokusika isiqu, i-vascular bundle verticillium wilt insundu ngokukhanyayo, futhi i-fusarium wilt inombala omnyama.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-14-2023