Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokusheshisa kokukhula kwabantu emadolobheni kanye nesivinini sokudluliselwa komhlaba, abasebenzi basemakhaya bagxile emadolobheni, futhi ukushoda kwabasebenzi kuye kwanda kakhulu, okuholele ezindleleni eziphezulu zabasebenzi; futhi inani labesifazane emisebenzini liye landa unyaka nonyaka, futhi abasebenzi bendabuko abanzima Imithi ibhekene nezinselele. Ikakhulukazi ngokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kokunciphisa izibulala-zinambuzane kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle, kungathuthukisa izinga lokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, kunciphise umthwalo womsebenzi, futhi kungenise ithuba elihle lokuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokonga abasebenzi ngezindlela ezilula zokusebenzisa. Amalungiselelo okusebenza okonga abasebenzi kanye nokonga abasebenzi njengamaconsi okusakaza, ama-granule antantayo, amafutha okusakaza ifilimu, ama-granule e-U, nama-microcapsule abe yizindawo ezishisayo zocwaningo lwamabhizinisi embonini eminyakeni yamuva nje, okuletha ithuba elihle kakhulu lokuthuthukiswa. Ukuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwawo kuye kwathatha imakethe enkulu ngokulandelana emasimini e-raddy, kufaka phakathi ezinye izitshalo zemali, futhi amathuba abanzi kakhulu.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamalungiselelo okonga abasebenzi kuya ngokuya kuba ngcono
Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, ubuchwepheshe bokwenza izibulala-zinambuzane ezweni lami bufinyelele intuthuko esheshayo, futhi ukuthambekela kwentuthuko ekuvikeleni imvelo kuye kwaba sobala kakhulu; ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza, ukugxila ekuphepheni okuluhlaza, kanye nokunciphisa umthamo kanye nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kuyindlela kuphela yentuthuko.
Izakhi zokonga abasebenzi ziyizinto ezintsha zokwenza ezilandela lo mkhuba. Ngokukhethekile, ucwaningo lokonga abasebenzi mayelana nezakhi zokubulala izinambuzane lusho ukuthi abaqhubi bangonga amahora okusebenza kanye nomsebenzi emisebenzini yokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ngezindlela nezindlela ezahlukahlukene, okungukuthi, ukutadisha ukuthi bangasebenzisa kanjani izindlela zokonga abasebenzi kakhulu kanye nezindlela zokonga abasebenzi ukuze basebenzise ngokushesha nangokunembile izithako ezisebenzayo zezibulala-zinambuzane. Faka endaweni eqondiwe yezitshalo.
Emhlabeni jikelele, iJapan iyizwe elithuthuka ngokushesha kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe bokonga abasebenzi ngezibulala-zinambuzane, kulandele iNingizimu Korea. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokonga abasebenzi kudlule ezinqubweni ezintathu zocwaningo nentuthuko kusukela kuma-granule kuya kuma-granule amakhulu, izindlela zokonga amandla, izindlela zokugeleza, bese kuba izindlela zokonga uwoyela ezisakazwa ngefilimu, ama-granule antantayo, kanye nama-granule e-U.
Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, izindlela zokonga abasebenzi ezibulala izinambuzane nazo zithuthuke ngokushesha ezweni lakithi, futhi ukuthuthukiswa nobuchwepheshe bezindlela zokonga abasebenzi obuhlobene nakho kukhuthazwe futhi kwasetshenziswa ezitshalweni ezimelelwa amasimu e-paddy. Njengamanje, izindlela zokonga abasebenzi ezibulala izinambuzane zifaka uwoyela osakaza ifilimu, ama-granules antantayo, ama-granules e-U, ama-microcapsules, ama-ejenti okusabalalisa amanzi ebusweni, ama-effervescent agents (amaphilisi), ama-granules amakhulu, ama-granules anokuhlushwa okuphezulu, ama-smoke agents, ama-bait agents, njll. uhlobo.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inani lamalungiselelo okonga abasebenzi abhalisiwe ezweni lakithi liye landa unyaka nonyaka. Kusukela ngomhlaka-26 Okthoba 2021, i-China Pesticide Information Network ikhombisa ukuthi kunemikhiqizo engu-24 ebhalisiwe yama-granule amakhulu ezweni lakithi, imikhiqizo engu-10 kawoyela osakaza ifilimu, umkhiqizo owodwa obhalisiwe we-ejenti yokusabalala kwamanzi ebusweni, ama-ejenti omusi angu-146, ama-ejenti okuluthwa angama-262, namaphilisi okukhipha umswakama. Imithamo engu-17 kanye namalungiselelo angu-303 e-microcapsule.
UMingde Lida, Zhongbao Lunong, Xin'an Chemical, Shaanxi Thompson, Shandong Kesaiji Nong, Chengdu Xinchaoyang, Shaanxi Xiannong, Jiangxi Zhongxun, Shandong Xianda, Hunan Dafang, Anhui Huaxing Chemical, njll. bonke bakule threkhi. umholi.
Amalungiselelo okusindisa abasebenzi asetshenziswa kakhulu emasimini e-paddy
Ukuthi amalungiselelo okonga abasebenzi asetshenziswa kakhulu, futhi uhlelo lobuchwepheshe seluvuthiwe, kuseyinsimu yempunga.
Amasimu e-paddy ayizitshalo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekulungiseleleni okonga abasebenzi ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Ngemva kokuthuthukiswa eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinhlobo zomthamo wamalungiselelo okonga abasebenzi ezisetshenziswa emasimini e-paddy ezweni lakithi ikakhulukazi uwoyela osakaza ifilimu, ama-granule antantayo kanye nama-granule asatshalaliswa phezu kwamanzi (ama-U granule). Phakathi kwawo, uwoyela osakaza ifilimu yiwona osetshenziswa kakhulu.
Uwoyela osakaza ifilimu uyindlela yokulinganisa lapho isibulala-zinambuzane sokuqala sincibilikiswa khona ngqo ku-oyela. Ngokukhethekile, uwoyela owakhiwe ngokungeza i-ejenti ekhethekile yokusabalalisa nokusabalalisa ku-oyela ojwayelekile. Uma isetshenziswa, ifakwa ngqo ensimini yelayisi ukuze isakazeke, futhi ngemva kokusabalalisa, isakazeka ebusweni bamanzi ngokwayo ukuze ibonise umphumela wayo. Njengamanje, imikhiqizo yasekhaya efana nowoyela osakaza ifilimu we-thifur·azoxystrobin ongu-4%, uwoyela osakaza ifilimu we-thiazide ongu-8%, uwoyela osakaza ifilimu we-spirulina ethanolamine ongu-1%, njll., isetshenziswa ngokuconsa, okuyinto elula kakhulu. Ukwakheka kwamafutha okwelula ifilimu kufaka izithako ezisebenzayo, ama-surfactant, kanye nezinyibilikisi zamafutha, futhi izinkomba zawo zokulawula ikhwalithi zifaka okuqukethwe kwezithako ezisebenzayo, ububanzi be-pH, ukucindezeleka kobuso, ukucindezeleka kokulingana kokuxhumana, umswakama, isivinini sokusabalalisa, indawo yokusabalalisa, ukuzinza kokushisa okuphansi, isitoreji sokushisa. ukuzinza.
Ama-granule antantayo uhlobo olusha lomuthi wokubulala izinambuzane oluntanta ngqo phezu kwamanzi ngemva kokufakwa emanzini, lusakazeke ngokushesha kuwo wonke amanzi, bese luqhekeka bese luhlakazeka emanzini. Izingxenye zalo zifaka kakhulu izithako ezisebenzayo zokubulala izinambuzane, izigcwalisi ezithwala amanzi ezintantayo, izihlanganisi, izihlakaza ezihlakazekayo, njll. Ukwakheka kwama-granule antantayo kufaka phakathi izithako ezisebenzayo, isithwali esintantayo, kanye nesihlakaza esihlakazekayo, futhi izinkomba zalo zokulawula ikhwalithi zifaka phakathi ukubukeka, isikhathi sokuhlakazeka, izinga lokuntanta, ibanga lokusabalala, izinga lokuhlakazeka, kanye nokuhlakazeka.
Ama-U granules akhiwa izithako ezisebenzayo, abathwali, abahlanganisi kanye nama-diffusing agents. Uma esetshenziswa emasimini e-raddy, ama-granules ahlala phansi okwesikhashana, bese ama-granules ephinde avele ukuze antante. Ekugcineni, isithako esisebenzayo siyancibilika futhi sisakazeke kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ebusweni bamanzi. Intuthuko yokuqala kwaba ukulungiswa kwe-cypermethrin yokulawula i-rice water weevil. Ukwakheka kwama-U granules kufaka phakathi izithako ezisebenzayo, abathwali, abahlanganisi, kanye nama-diffusing agents, futhi izinkomba zokulawula ikhwalithi yazo zifaka phakathi ukubukeka, isikhathi sokuqala ukuntanta, isikhathi sokuqedela ukuntanta, ibanga lokusabalala, izinga lokuhlakazeka, kanye nokuhlakazeka.
Ngokusho kwabangaphakathi embonini, iJapan neNingizimu Korea zikhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwama-U granules nama-floating granules ngezinga elikhulu, kodwa zimbalwa izifundo zasekhaya, futhi akukho mikhiqizo ehlobene nayo efakiwe emakethe okwamanje. Kodwa-ke, kukholelwa ukuthi kuzoba nemikhiqizo yama-floating granules emakethe eShayina maduze nje. Ngaleso sikhathi, eminye imikhiqizo yama-floating granules noma amaphilisi e-effervescent azoshintshwa ngokulandelana emithini yerayisi, okuzovumela ukuthi kusetshenziswe imikhiqizo eminingi yerayisi yasekhaya. Abalimi bayazuza endleleni esetshenziswa ngayo.
Amalungiselelo e-microcapsulated aba yindawo elandelayo yokuncintisana embonini
Phakathi kwezigaba zokulungiselela ezonga abasebenzi ezikhona, amalungiselelo afakwe i-microcapsulated abe yinto egxile kakhulu embonini eminyakeni yamuva nje.
Ukumiswa kwe-microcapsule ye-Pesticide (CS) kubhekisela ekwakhiweni kwezibulala-zinambuzane okusebenzisa izinto ze-polymer zokwenziwa noma zemvelo ukwakha isitsha esincane segobolondo eliyinhloko, kumboze isibulala-zinambuzane esikuso, bese kusifaka emanzini. Kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili, igobolondo le-capsule kanye ne-capsule core, i-capsule core iyisithako esisebenzayo sezibulala-zinambuzane, kanti igobolondo le-capsule liyinto ye-polymer eyakha ifilimu. Ubuchwepheshe be-Microencapsulation baqala ukusetshenziswa kwamanye amazwe, kufaka phakathi ezinye izibulala-zinambuzane kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane, ezinqobe izinkinga zobuchwepheshe kanye nezindleko, futhi zithuthukiswe ngamandla eShayina eminyakeni yamuva. Ngokusho kophenyo lwe-China Pesticide Information Network, kusukela ngo-Okthoba 26, 2021, inani lemikhiqizo yokulungiselela i-microencapsulated ebhalisiwe ezweni lakithi lifinyelele ku-303, kanti amafomula abhalisiwe afaka phakathi ama-microcapsule suspensions angu-245, ama-microcapsule suspensions angu-33, kanye nama-microcapsule suspensions okwelashwa ngembewu. Ama-granule angu-11, ama-agent okumiswa kwe-microcapsule okwelapha imbewu angu-8, izimpushana ze-microcapsule ezingu-3, ama-granule angu-7 e-microcapsule, i-microcapsule eyodwa, kanye ne-emulsion yamanzi ye-microcapsule eyodwa.
Kungabonakala ukuthi inani lama-microcapsule suspension abhaliswe kumalungiselelo e-microcapsule asekhaya likhulu kunawo wonke, futhi izinhlobo zezilinganiso ezibhalisiwe zincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke kunendawo enkulu yokuthuthukiswa.
ULiu Runfeng, umqondisi we-R&D Center ye-Yunfa Biological Group, uthe ama-microcapsules ezibulala-zinambuzane, njengendlela yokwenza enobungani nemvelo, anezinzuzo zomphumela ohlala isikhathi eside, ukuphepha kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Enye yazo iyindawo yokucwaninga ethandwayo eminyakeni yamuva nje, futhi futhi iyindawo entsha entsha abakhiqizi abancintisana kuyo. Njengamanje, ucwaningo lwasekhaya ngama-capsule lugxile kakhulu emanyuvesi nasezikhungweni zocwaningo lwesayensi, kanti ucwaningo oluyisisekelo lwethiyori luphelele. Ngenxa yokuthi kunezithiyo eziningi zobuchwepheshe enqubweni yokukhiqiza amalungiselelo e-microcapsule, angaphansi kwe-100 empeleni ayathengiswa, futhi cishe azikho amalungiselelo e-microcapsule eShayina. Imikhiqizo ye-Capsule yizinkampani zokulungiselela izibulala-zinambuzane ezinokuncintisana okuyinhloko.
Emncintiswaneni wamanje onzima wemakethe, ngaphezu kwesimo esingenakubhujiswa sezinkampani ezindala zakwamanye amazwe ezinhliziyweni zabantu baseShayina, izinkampani ezintsha zasekhaya ezifana neMingde Lida, Hailier, Lier, kanye neGuangxi Tianyuan zithembele ekhwalithini ukuze zidlule ekuvinjezelweni. Phakathi kwazo, uMingde Lida waphula umbono wokuthi imikhiqizo yaseShayina ayimihle njengezinkampani zakwamanye amazwe ezikule ndlela.
ULiu Runfeng wethule ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-microencapsulation buyindlela eyinhloko yokuncintisana kwe-Mindleader. I-Mindleader isungule ama-compounds afana ne-beta-cyhalothrin, i-metolachlor, i-prochloraz, kanye ne-abamectin: Kunemikhiqizo engaphezu kuka-20 eqinisekisiwe futhi eme emgqeni ukuze ibhaliswe emikhakheni emine emikhulu: uchungechunge lwe-fungicide microcapsule, uchungechunge lwe-insecticide microcapsule, uchungechunge lwe-herbicide microcapsule, kanye nochungechunge lwe-seed coating microcapsule. Kuye kwahlanganiswa izitshalo ezahlukahlukene, njengelayisi, i-citrus, imifino, ukolweni, ama-apula, ummbila, ama-apula, amagilebhisi, amakinati, njll.
Njengamanje, imikhiqizo ye-microcapsule ye-Mingde Lida ebhalwe noma esezofakwa ohlwini eShayina ifaka phakathi i-Delica® (25% beta-cyhalothrin kanye ne-clothianidin microcapsule suspension-suspension agent), i-Lishan® (45% essence Metolachlor Microcapsule Suspension), i-Lizao® (30% Oxadiazone·Butachlor Microcapsule Suspension), i-Minggong® (30% Prochloraz Microcapsule Suspension), i-Jinggongfu ® (23% beta-cyhalothrin microcapsule suspension), i-Miaowanjin® (25% clothianidin·metalaxyl·fludioxonil seed treatment microcapsule suspension-suspension), i-Deliang® (5% Abamectin Microcapsule Suspension), i-Mingdaoshou® (25% Prochloraz·Blastamide Microcapsule Suspension), njll. Esikhathini esizayo, kuzoba nezindlela ezintsha zokuhlanganisa ezenziwe zibe yi-microcapsule suspension. Njengoba sekubhaliswe kwamanye amazwe, imikhiqizo ye-microcapsule kaMingde Lida izothuthukiswa kancane kancane futhi isetshenziswe emhlabeni jikelele.
Ekhuluma ngocwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kanye nomkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kwama-microcapsule ezibulala izinambuzane esikhathini esizayo, uLiu Runfeng wembule ukuthi kuzoba nezindlela ezinhlanu ezilandelayo: ① kusukela ekukhishweni kancane kancane kuya ekukhishweni okulawulwayo; ② izinto zodonga ezinobungani nemvelo esikhundleni sezinto zodonga zokwenziwa ukunciphisa ukukhishwa “kwama-microplastic” endaweni ezungezile; ③ ngokusekelwe ekwakhiweni kweFomula yezimo ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa; ④ Izindlela zokulungiselela eziphephile nezinobungani nemvelo; ⑤ Izindlela zokuhlola zesayensi. Ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwekhwalithi yemikhiqizo yokumiswa kwama-microcapsule kuzoba yinto egxile emabhizinisini amelwe yiMingde Lida esikhathini esizayo.
Ngamafuphi, ngokuthuthuka okujulile kokunciphisa izibulala-zinambuzane kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle, isidingo semakethe kanye nekhono lezinhlobo zokonga abasebenzi kuzosetshenziswa kabanzi futhi kukhishwe, futhi ikusasa lazo lizobe lingenamkhawulo. Vele, kuzoba nezinkampani zokulungiselela ezinhle kakhulu ezizongena kulo mzila, futhi umncintiswano uzoba mkhulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, abantu embonini bacela izinkampani zokonga izinambuzane zasekhaya ukuthi ziqinise ucwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo zokonga izinambuzane, zandise ukutshalwa kwezimali ocwaningweni lwesayensi, zihlole ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe ekucubungulweni kwezibulala-zinambuzane, zikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo zokonga abasebenzi, futhi zikhonze kangcono ezolimo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-05-2022