Ezivivinyweni e-Afrika, amanetha enziweI-PYRETHROIDfuthiFIPRONILibonise imiphumela ethuthukisiwe ye-entomological kanye ne-epidemiological.Lokhu kuholele ekwenyukeni kwesidingo salesi sifundo esisha se-inthanethi emazweni ahaqwe umalaleveva.I-PermaNet Dual iyi-deltamethrin entsha ne-clofenac mesh eyakhiwe yi-Vestergaard Sàrl ukuze inikeze amandla engeziwe ezinhlelweni zokulawula umalaleveva.Senze uhlolo lwe-cockpit ukuze sihlole ukusebenza kahle kwe-PermaNet Dual ngokumelene nomiyane basendle, abandiza mahhala be-pyrethroid i-Anopheles gambiae e-Cove, e-Benin.I-PermaNet Dual ibangele ukufa komiyane okuphezulu uma ingageziwe uma kuqhathaniswa namanethi aqukethe i-pyrethroid yodwa kanye namanethi aqukethe i-pyrethroid ne-PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE (77% ye-PermaNet Dual, 23% ye-PermaNet 2.0 kanye no-23% ye-PermaNet 3.0) 56%0 p <10 iminyaka 020. .ukugeza okujwayelekile (u-75% we-PermaNet Dual, u-14% we-PermaNet 2.0, u-30% we-PermaNet 3.0, p <0.001).Isebenzisa amamajini aphakathi angewona aphansi achazwe yi-World Health Organization, i-PermaNet Dual nayo yayingeyona ephansi ekufeni kwe-carrier ku-pyrethroid-clofenazoline, ebonise ukubaluleka kwezempilo yomphakathi okuthuthukisiwe (I-Interceptor G2) (79% vs 76).%, NOMA = 0.878, 95% CI 0.719–1.073), kodwa hhayi ukuze kuvikelwe ekunikezweni kwegazi (35% vs. 26%, NOMA = 1.424, 95% CI 1.177–1.723).I-PermaNet Dual iyinketho eyengeziwe kulolu hlobo lwenethi olusebenza kahle kakhulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukulawulwa kukamalaleveva osakazwa omiyane abamelana ne-pyrethroid.
Amanethi alashwe ngezibulali zinambuzane (ITNs) ayisinyathelo esisebenza ngempumelelo nesisetshenziswa kakhulu sokuvikela umalaleveva.Baye baboniswa ngokuphindaphindiwe ukunciphisa ukugula kukamalaleveva nokufa kwabantu ezimweni zokuhlolwa kanye nezinhlelo futhi zenze umnikelo omkhulu kunanoma yikuphi ukungenelela kwakamuva ukuze kuncishiswe isifo sikamalaleveva.Nokho, ukuncika kwazo esigabeni esisodwa sezibulala-zinambuzane (ama-pyrethroids) kubangela ukucindezela okukhethekile, okuthuthukisa ukusabalala kokumelana ne-pyrethroid emagciwaneni kamalaleveva.Phakathi kuka-2010 no-2020, ukungezwani kwe-pyrethroid kwatholakala okungenani ohlotsheni olulodwa lwe-vector emazweni angama-88% agcwele umalaleveva.Nakuba ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi amanetha afakwe izibulala-zinambuzane avikela umalaleveva naphezu kokumelana, kunobufakazi obuqinile bokuthi omiyane abachayeke amanetha afakwe i-pyrethroid baye bathuthukisa indlela yokuphila namandla okudla.Uma kubhekwa ukubaluleka kwawo ekuvimbeleni nasekulawuleni umalaleveva, noma yikuphi okunye ukwehla ekusebenzeni kwamanethi afakwe izibulala-zinambuzane kungaholela ekubuyeni kwezifo nokufa.
Ukusabela kulobu songo, amanetha afakwe izibulala-zinambuzane asebenza kabili, ahlanganisa i-pyrethroid nenye ingxube, athuthukiswe ukuze kubuyiselwe ukulawulwa kwezifo zikamalaleveva ezimelana ne-pyrethroid.Uhlobo olusha lokuqala lwe-ITN luhlanganisa ama-pyrethroids neI-PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE (PBO), i-synergist ethuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-pyrethroids ngokuqeda ama-enzyme e-detoxifying ahambisana nokuphikiswa kwe-pyrethroid10.Emaqhugwaneni okuhlola kanye ne-cluster randomized controlled trials (cRCT) ama-ITN aqukethe i-pyrethroids ne-PBO abonise izinzuzo eziphakeme ze-entomological uma kuqhathaniswa nama-ITN aqukethe kuphela ama-pyrethroids kanye nempumelelo ye-epidemiological.Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi bathole isincomo esinemibandela se-WHO sokusatshalaliswa ezindaweni lapho ama-vectors akhombisa ukumelana nama-pyrethroids, okuholela ekwenyukeni okukhulu kokusatshalaliswa kwawo emazweni aseminyakeni yamuva18.Kodwa-ke, i-pyrethroid-PBO ITN ayinakho ukulinganiselwa.Ngokuphawulekayo, kukhona ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuqina kwazo ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside ekhaya.Ucwaningo lokuhlola eNtshonalanga Afrika luphinde luphakamise ukuthi amanethi omiyane e-pyrethroid-PBO angase anikeze inzuzo elinganiselwe kakhulu ezindaweni ezinokwenyuka kokumelana ne-pyrethroid okulamulwa yizinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi neziningi.Ngakho-ke, ukuze kulawulwe kahle ama-vector, kuyadingeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe izinhlobo eziningi zamanethi afakwe izibulala-zinambuzane, okungcono aqukethe ezinye izibulala-zinambuzane ezintsha lapho ama-vectors azwela khona.
Muva nje, amanetha ombhede afakwe izibulala-zinambuzane aseyatholakala ahlanganisa i-pyrethroids ne-fipronil, isibulala-zinambuzane se-azole esiphazamisa ukusebenza kwe-mitochondrial.I-Chlorfenopyr imele indlela entsha yokulawula amagciwane ezifo asungule izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zokumelana nezibulala-zinambuzane ezikhona.I-pyrethroid-chlorphenopyr ITN (Interceptor G2), eyakhiwe yi-BASF, ibonise umalaleveva ongamelana ne-pyrethroid ezivivinyweni zokuhlola eBenin, Burkina Faso, Côte naseTanzania.Ukulawulwa kwama-Vector sekuthuthukile futhi manje sekufanele i-World Health Organisation.Izivivinyo ezinkulu nezinhlelo zokuhlola zokusabalalisa kwamanye amazwe nazo zibonise ubufakazi bomthelela wezifo eziwumshayabhuqe.Ngokukhethekile, ama-RCT e-Benin nase-Tanzania abonise ukuthi i-Interceptor G2 yehlisile izehlakalo zikamalaleveva wezingane ngo-46% no-44% eminyakeni engu-2, ngokulandelana, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-ITN isebenzisa i-pyrethroids evamile kuphela.Ngokusekelwe kule miphumela, iNhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba isanda kukhipha izincomo eziqinile zokusebenzisa amanetha ombhede afakwe i-insecticide pyrethroid-chlorphenopyr kunamanethi aqukethe ama-pyrethroids wodwa ezindaweni lapho ama-vectors amelana ne-pyrethroids.Amanethi afakwe izibulala-zinambuzane ukuze avimbele umalaleveva.Lokhu kuholele ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwesidingo somhlaba wonke kanye nama-oda wamanethi omiyane alashwe nge-pyrethroid afakwe emazweni anesifo.Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ezisha kakhulu zamanethi ombhede we-pyrethroid kanye ne-fipronil asebenza kahle ngabakhiqizi abaningana abanamandla okukhiqiza aqinile kuzosiza ukuthuthukisa imakethe yenetha efakwe izibulala-zinambuzane, kukhuphule ukuncintisana, futhi kuholele ekufinyeleleni kalula amanetha emibhede afakwe isibulala-zinambuzane.Amanethi ombhede.Amanethi ombhede abulala izinambuzane ukuze alawule i-vector.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-17-2023