Ukukhula kwezitshaloI-retarder iyadingeka enkambisweni yokutshala izitshalo. Ngokulawula ukukhula kwezitshalo nokuzala kwezitshalo, ikhwalithi engcono kanye nesivuno esiphezulu kungatholakala. Izinto ezivimbela ukukhula kwezitshalo ngokuvamile zifaka i-paclobutrazol, i-uniconazole, i-peptidomimetics, i-chlormethalin, njll. Njengohlobo olusha lwe-retarder yokukhula kwezitshalo, i-prohexadione calcium ithole ukunakwa kabanzi emakethe eminyakeni yamuva nje, futhi inani lokubhaliswa nalo likhuphuke ngokushesha. Ngemuva kwalokho,i-paclobutrazol, i-niconazole, i-paroxamine, i-chlorhexidine, kanye ne-prohexadione calcium, yimuphi umehluko ekusetshenzisweni kwale mikhiqizo emakethe?
(1) I-Prohexadione calcium: Luhlobo olusha lwesivimbeli sokukhula kwezitshalo.
Umsebenzi ukuthi ingavimbela i-GA1 ku-gibberellin, ifinyeze ukunwebeka kwesiqu sezitshalo, ngaleyo ndlela ilawule ukukhula kwezitshalo okuqinile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ayinawo umthelela ku-GA4 elawula ukuhlukahluka kwamahlumela ezimbali zezitshalo kanye nokukhula kokusanhlamvu.
I-Prohexadione calcium yasungulwa eJapan ngo-1994 njenge-acyl cyclohexanedione growth retardant. Ukutholakala kwe-prohexadione calcium kuhlukile kulokho kwe-quaternary ammonium salts (chameleon, mepinium), triazoles (paclobutrazol, alkene). Izinto ezivimbela ukukhula kwezitshalo ezifana ne-oxazole) zidale insimu entsha yokuvimbela i-gibberellin biosynthesis esigabeni sokugcina, futhi ziye zathengiswa futhi zasetshenziswa kabanzi eYurophu nase-United States. Njengamanje, i-prohexadione-calcium ikhathazekile kakhulu ngamabhizinisi asekhaya, isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi uma iqhathaniswa ne-triazole retarders, i-prohexadione-calcium ayinayo insalela yobuthi ezitshalweni ezijikelezayo, ayinayo ingcoliso emvelweni, futhi inenzuzo enkulu. Esikhathini esizayo, ingathatha indawo yezinto ezivimbela ukukhula kwe-triazole, futhi inamathuba amaningi okusetshenziswa emasimini, ezihlahleni zezithelo, ezimbalini, ezintweni zokwelapha zaseShayina kanye nasezitshalweni zomnotho.
(2) I-Paclobutrazol: Iyisivimbeli se-gibberellic acid yezitshalo. Inemiphumela yokubambezela ukukhula kwezitshalo, ivimbela ukunwebeka kwesiqu sezitshalo, inciphisa ama-internode, ikhuthaza ukuhluma, ikhulisa ukumelana nokucindezeleka kwezitshalo, ikhuthaza ukuhlukahluka kwamahlumela ezimbali kanye nokwandisa isivuno. I-Paclobutrazol ifanele izitshalo ezifana nelayisi, ukolweni, amakinati, izihlahla zezithelo, ubhontshisi, utshani, njll., futhi inethonya elimangalisayo lokulawula ukukhula.
Imiphumela emibi ye-paclobutrazol: Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kungabangela izitshalo ezincane, izimpande ezikhubazekile kanye nezimila, amaqabunga agobile, izimbali ezingenalutho, ukuwohloka kwamaqabunga amadala ngaphambi kwesikhathi esisekelweni, kanye namaqabunga amancane asontekile futhi anciphayo. Ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwe-paclobutrazol isikhathi eside, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kuzohlala enhlabathini, futhi kuzobangela ubuthi be-phytotoxic esivunweni esilandelayo, okuholela ekungavelini kwesithombo, ukuvela sekwephuzile, izinga eliphansi lokuvela kwesithombo, kanye nokukhubazeka kwesithombo kanye nezinye izimpawu zobuthi be-phytotoxic.
(3) I-Uniconazole: Futhi iyisithiyo se-gibberellin. Inemisebenzi yokulawula ukukhula kwezitshalo, ukunciphisa ama-internode, ukufinyeza izitshalo, ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwamahlumela aseceleni kanye nokwehlukaniswa kwamahlumela ezimbali, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukumelana nokucindezeleka. Ngenxa yesibopho esiphindwe kabili se-carbon se-paclobutrazol, umsebenzi wayo webhayoloji kanye nomphumela wezokwelapha kuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-6 kuya kwezingu-10 kanye nezikhathi ezingu-4 kuya kwezingu-10 eziphakeme kune-paclobutrazol, ngokulandelana, kanti inani elisele enhlabathini licishe libe yingxenye yesine kuphela ye-paclobutrazol, kanye nokusebenza kwayo. Izinga lokubola liyashesha, futhi umthelela ezitshalweni ezilandelayo uyingxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu kuphela ye-paclobutrazol.
Imiphumela emibi ye-uniconazole: uma isetshenziswa ngemithamo eminingi, izobangela ubuthi be-phytotoxicity, ibangele ukusha kwezitshalo, ukubuna, ukukhula okubi, ukukhubazeka kwamaqabunga, amaqabunga awile, izimbali eziwayo, izithelo eziwayo, ukuvuthwa sekwephuzile, njll., kanye nokusetshenziswa esigabeni sokutshala izithombo zemifino kuzothinta nokukhula kwezithombo. Iphinde ibe nobuthi ezinhlanzini futhi ayifanele ukusetshenziswa emachibini ezinhlanzi nakwamanye amapulazi ezilwane zasemanzini.
(4) I-Peptidamine (i-Mepinium): Iyisivimbeli se-gibberellin. Ingathuthukisa ukwenziwa kwe-chlorophyll, isitshalo siqinile, singamuncwa ngamaqabunga nezimpande zesitshalo, futhi sidluliselwe esitshalweni sonke, ngaleyo ndlela sivimbele ukunwebeka kwamaseli kanye nokubusa kwe-apical, futhi ingafinyeza ama-internode futhi yenze uhlobo lwesitshalo lube lukhuni. Ingalibazisa ukukhula kwezitshalo kwesitshalo, ivimbele isitshalo ekuchumeni, futhi ilibazise ukuvalwa. I-Peptamine ingathuthukisa ukuzinza kwama-membrane amaseli futhi yandise ukumelana nokucindezeleka kwesitshalo. Uma iqhathaniswa ne-paclobutrazol kanye ne-uniconazole, inezakhiwo zokwelapha ezithambile, ayinakho ukucasuka, futhi iphephile kakhulu. Ingasetshenziswa ngokuyisisekelo kuzo zonke izikhathi zezitshalo, ngisho nasezigabeni zokutshala kanye nezimbali lapho izitshalo zizwela kakhulu emithini. , futhi ngokuyisisekelo ayikho imiphumela emibi.
(5) I-Chlormetrodin: Ifinyelela umphumela wokulawula ukusebenza ngokweqile ngokuvimbela ukwakheka kwe-gibberellin engokwemvelo. I-Chlormetrodin inomphumela olawulayo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo, ilinganisela ukukhula kwezitshalo nokukhula kokuzala, ithuthukisa ukuvundisa impova kanye nesilinganiso sokubeka izithelo, futhi ikhulisa ukuhluma okuphumelelayo. Ibambezela ukunwebeka kwamaseli, izitshalo ezincane, iziqu eziqinile, futhi ifinyeze ama-internode.
Ngokungafani ne-paclobutrazol kanye ne-mepiperonium, i-paclobutrazol ivame ukusetshenziswa esigabeni sokutshala kanye nesigaba sokuhluma okusha, futhi inomphumela omuhle kuma-peanut, kodwa umphumela ezitshalweni zasekwindla nasebusika uvamile; Ezitshalweni ezimfushane, ukusetshenziswa okungafanele kwe-chlormethalin kuvame ukubangela ukuncishiswa kwezitshalo futhi ubuthi be-phytotoxic kunzima ukubuqeda; i-mepipenium incane kakhulu, futhi ingancishiswa ngokufafaza i-gibberellin noma ukunisela ukuze kwandiswe ukuzala ngemva kobuthi be-phytotoxic.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-19-2022