Ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezithelo ngenkathi kugcinwa kujwayelekileukukhula kwezitshalobekulokhu kuyinselele enkulu kwezolimo. Ucwaningo olusha lusikisela ukuthi ukufeza leli bhalansi kungaba lula kunalokho obekucatshangwa ngaphambili. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi we-"gene ehlanzekile" egciniwe kungathuthukisa ngasikhathi sinye inani lokudla okunempilo kanye nezakhiwo ze-organoleptic zezithelo. Ngokuthuthukisa ukubonakaliswa kwe-gene ehlotshaniswa ne-tRNA, ithimba locwaningo landise amazinga e-anthocyanins kanye ne-terpenoids—izinhlanganisela ezithinta umbala, iphunga, kanye nezakhiwo ze-antioxidant zezithelo. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa akuzange kube nomthelela olinganisekayo ekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo, usayizi wezithelo, noma okuqukethwe ushukela. Imiphumela yembula indima engalindelekile yezakhi zofuzo ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa nomsebenzi oyisisekelo wamaseli, okubonisa ukuthi zingathonya nezici ezibalulekile ze-metabolic zezithelo.
Ama-Anthocyanins nama-terpenoid adlala indima ebalulekile embaleni, ekunambithekeni, ephunga, kanye nasenani lokudla okunomsoco lezithelo. Kodwa-ke, imizamo yokwandisa okuqukethwe kwalezi zinhlanganisela ivame ukuholela emiphumeleni emibi engathandeki. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukukhiqizwa kwazo kuhlobene kakhulu nama-hormone ezitshalo. Isibonelo, ama-cytokinins alawula kokubili ukukhula kwezitshalo kanye ne-metabolism yesibili, ngakho-ke ukushintsha amazinga azo kungashintsha isakhiwo kanye nezici zokukhula kwezitshalo.
Uhlobo olungaziwa kakhulu lwezakhi zofuzo ezihlobene ne-cytokinin—i-tRNA-type isopentenyl transferases—luthole ukunakwa okuncane kakhulu. Lawa mazakhi zofuzo kucatshangwa ukuthi enza imisebenzi evamile yeselula kunokulawula ngenkuthalo izici zezitshalo. Ukuthi angathuthukisa yini ikhwalithi yezithelo ngaphandle kokuthinta ukukhula kwezitshalo akukacaci, okwenza afaneleke ukufundwa kabanzi.
Abacwaningi baseNanjing Agricultural University kanye naseNyuvesi yaseConnecticut bashicilele iphepha kumagazini i-*Horticultural Research*, behlola lokhu okungenzeka besebenzisa ama-strawberry asendle njengesibonelo. Bagxile ku-gene yokunakekela indlu ebizwa ngokuthi i-FveIPT2. Ngokuguqula izakhi zofuzo zezitshalo ukuze kwandiswe izinga lokubonakaliswa kwalesi sakhi sofuzo, babone ukuthuthuka okukhulu kwekhwalithi yezithelo.
Izitshalo eziguqulwe izakhi zofuzo zibonise amazinga aphezulu kakhulu e-anthocyanins nama-terpenoid ezithelweni ezivuthiwe uma kuqhathaniswa nezitshalo zasendle, kodwa azibonisanga mehluko ekukhuleni, usayizi wezithelo, noma okuqukethwe ushukela. Lokhu kutholwa kuphonsela inselelo inkolelo ende yokuthi izakhi zofuzo zokunakekela indlu zidlala indima engenzi lutho futhi kugqamisa amandla azo amakhulu okuthuthukisa izitshalo.
I-FveIPT2 gene ihilelekile ekuguqulweni kwe-tRNA futhi ihlotshaniswa nokwakheka kwe-cis-zeatin (i-cytokinin). Ngokungafani nezinye izakhi zofuzo ezihlobene ne-cytokinin, ezinomthelela omkhulu ekukhuleni kwezitshalo, ukwanda komsebenzi we-FveIPT2 kubangela izinguquko ezincane kuphela emazingeni e-cytokinin iyonke. Ukukhula kwezitshalo kuqhubeka ngokujwayelekile, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okusobala. Ukuqhakaza nokuthela kwenzeka njengoba kulindelekile, ngaphandle kokushintsha kwesisindo sezithelo, ukuma, noma ubumnandi.
Naphezu kokukhula okuzinzile kwezitshalo, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwezithelo kube nezinguquko ezinkulu. Amazinga e-anthocyanins, ama-flavonoid, kanye nama-phenolic compounds akhuphuka, okwaholela kumbala obomvu oqinile. Ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwembule ukwanda okukhulu emazingeni e-anthocyanins ayisishiyagalolunye athile, kufaka phakathi ama-compounds atholakala ku-cyanidin kanye ne-pelargonidin, aziwa ngezakhiwo zawo zokulwa ne-antioxidant.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, okuqukethwe cishe kwengxenye yamakhemikhali e-terpenoid atholakele kwanda. Lawa makhemikhali e-terpenoid afaka phakathi ama-monoterpenes, ama-sesquiterpenes, nama-triterpenes, adlala indima ebalulekile ephunga nasekunambithekeni.
Lezi zinguquko azigcini nje ezingxenyeni zombala nezokudla okunempilo. Amazinga amakhemikhali anuka kamnandi ahlotshaniswa nephunga elimnandi lezimbali, njenge-linalool, akhuphukile. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amazinga amakhemikhali ahlotshaniswa nephunga elimnandi nelinomswakama anciphile. Izifundo zokubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo ziqinisekisile ukuthi izindlela ezibalulekile ezibangela ukukhiqizwa nokuthuthwa kwala makhemikhali zaqala ukusebenza kakhulu.
Uma kubhekwa konke lokhu, le miphumela ikhombisa ukuthi i-FveIPT2 ingathuthukisa ngokukhetha i-chemistry yezithelo ngaphandle kokubangela izinguquko ezivamile zamahomoni ezithinta ukukhula.
Abacwaningi baphawule, “Lolu cwaningo lubonisa ukuthi lokho esivame ukukubiza ngokuthi ‘izakhi zofuzo zokunakekela indlu’ kungaba nemiphumela ecacile nephawulekayo ngokumangalisayo. Ngokugxila kuzakhi zofuzo zohlobo lwe-tRNA kunezilawuli zama-hormone zendabuko, sikwazile ukuthuthukisa umbala wezithelo, ukunambitheka, kanye nokwakheka kokudla okunempilo ngaphandle kokuthinta ukukhula, kanti ubunjiniyela be-metabolic ngokuvamile bunemiphumela emibi ekukhuleni. Le miphumela iphakamisa ukuthi izindlela eziyisisekelo zamaseli zingathonya ikhwalithi yezithelo ngobuqili, zinikeze abafuyi amathuluzi amasha asebenzayo futhi amnene.”
Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi i-FveIPT2 iyindlela ethembisayo nephumelelayo yokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezithelo zama-strawberry nezinye izitshalo zezolimo. Ngenxa yokuthi le ndlela yandisa okuqukethwe kwemibala ewusizo kanye namakhemikhali anuka kamnandi ngaphandle kokunciphisa isivuno noma ukukhula kwezitshalo, ibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuliseni imikhiqizo yezolimo esezingeni eliphezulu.
Ngokubanzi, lolu cwaningo luphonsela inselelo umbono wokuthi izakhi zofuzo zokunakekela indlu zihileleka kuphela ezinqubweni ezijwayelekile zamaseli. Ngokubona ithonya lazo ekusetshenzisweni kwe-metabolism yesibili, lolu cwaningo luphakamisa amasu amasha okwandisa isivuno sezitshalo ngenkathi kugcinwa ikhwalithi.
Lesi sihloko sinikezwe yi-Academy of Sciences yaseNanjing Agricultural University. Qaphela: Okuqukethwe kungadinga ukuhlelwa ngenxa yezidingo zokufometha kanye nobude.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-08-2026
