Ukusetshenziswa okumangalisayo kwe-calcium cyanamide

I-calcium cyanamideiyinhlanganisela eguquguqukayo esetshenziswa kabanzi kwezolimo, embonini, kanye nasekuvikelweni kwemvelo. Lesi sihloko sizonikeza incazelo eningiliziwe yemisebenzi emithathu eyinhloko ye-calcium cyanamide: njengomanyolo ophumelelayo wokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomhlabathi, njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zezimboni zokubamba iqhaza ekusabeleni kwamakhemikhali, kanye nezinto zokuvikela kwemvelo zokuphatha imfucuza.

I. Isazi Esinemisebenzi Ehlukahlukene Kwezolimo

I-calcium cyanamide ingabhekwa njengochwepheshe wokuthuthukisa inhlabathi kwezolimo. Ingenza imisebenzi emithathu ebalulekile ngesikhathi esisodwa:

1. Ukukhishwa kancane komanyolo we-nitrogen: Ubola uma uthintana namanzi bese ukhipha i-nitrogen kancane kancane, kube nomphumela womanyolo ohlala izinyanga ezi-2-3.

2. Ukubulala amagciwane enhlabathini: I-cyanamide ekhiqizwayo ingavimbela isikhunta kanye ne-nematode, inciphise izifo ezithwalwa yinhlabathi.

3. Ukulawulwa kwe-pH: Ama-ion e-calcium aqeda inhlabathi ene-asidi, afaneleka kakhulu ezindaweni zokulima ezinenani le-pH elingaphansi kuka-5.5.

II. Umlingo Wamakhemikhali Ekukhiqizweni Kwezimboni

Emkhakheni wobunjiniyela bamakhemikhali, i-calcium cyanamide ibonisa inani eliyingqayizivele:

·Izinto ezibalulekile zokwenziwa kwama-cyanide, ezisetshenziselwa ukukhipha izinsimbi eziyigugu

·I-intermediate yokukhiqiza i-dicyandiamide, okuyingxenye ebalulekile yemithi kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane

·Isetshenziswa ezigayweni zensimbi njenge-ejenti yokususa i-sulfuri, inciphisa ngempumelelo okuqukethwe kwe-sulfur ensimbini encibilikisiwe

·Isetshenziswa embonini yerabha njengesisheshisi se-vulcanization, ithuthukisa ukuqina kwemikhiqizo

III. Abaqaphi Abangabonakali Bokuvikelwa Kwemvelo

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kutholakale ukusetshenziswa okusha kwe-calcium cyanamide ekuvikelweni kwemvelo:

1. Ukulahlwa kwemfucuza: Kungavimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-methane ezindaweni zokulahla imfucuza, kunciphise ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa.

2. Ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi: Kungadala ama-ion ensimbi esindayo futhi kunethonya elihle ekwelapheni amanzi angcolile asebenzisa i-electroplating.

3. Ukulawula iphunga: Uma kuhlanganiswa nomquba wezilwane, kunganciphisa ukugcwala kwe-ammonia ngaphezu kuka-70%.

IV. Isilinganiso Esifanele Sokubulala Amagciwane Enhlabathini

I-calcium cyanamide ikhombisa inani eliyingqayizivele ekwelashweni kwenhlabathi ngaphambi kokwelashwa. Umthamo wamakhilogremu angu-50 ngehektare ungavimbela ngempumelelo izifo ezithwalwa yinhlabathi ngaphandle kokulimaza izitshalo. Kunconywa ukuthi uyisakaze ngokulinganayo izinsuku ezingu-20 ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela bese ulima inhlabathi. Imiphumela emihle kakhulu itholakala uma umswakama wenhlabathi ugcinwa ku-60%. Gwema ukukhanya kwelanga okunamandla ngesikhathi sokufaka bese ulinda izinsuku ezingu-7-10 ngemva kokwelashwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Lokhu kuqinisekisa isikhathi esiphephile futhi kuvumela imikhiqizo yokubola ukuthi isebenzise ngokugcwele umphumela wayo wokubulala amagciwane.

V. Ukuvikelwa Okubili Ngokufaka Umanyolo Nokuvimbela

Uma usebenzisa umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen, kuyadingeka ukugqoka imaski ye-N95 kanye namagilavu ​​​​enjoloba ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Uma kufakwa ensimini, kunconywa ukuhlwanyela ngomshini. Uma kufakwa ngesandla, umuntu kufanele ame ohlangothini oluya phezulu futhi agcine ibanga lokusebenza elingaphezu kwamamitha amathathu. Ngokushesha ngemva kokufaka, nisela ngamanzi angamamilimitha angu-5-10 ukuze usheshise ukuguqulwa kwezithako ezisebenzayo futhi unciphise ukusabalala kothuli. Uma kunemvula, imisebenzi kufanele ihlehliswe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthi izithako ezisebenzayo zingalahleki ngenxa yokugeleza kwamanzi ebusweni.

VI. Inhlanganisela Ehlakaniphile Yemikhawulo Yokuhambisana

Uma isetshenziswa kanye nomanyolo wezinto eziphilayo, kufanele ixutshwe kusengaphambili ngesilinganiso esingu-1:3 bese ishiywa ukuze ibole izinsuku ezingu-15. Ukuxuba ngqo nomanyolo we-ammonium nitrogen akuvunyelwe; isikhathi esiphakathi kwalokhu kokubili akufanele sibe ngaphansi kwezinsuku ezingu-10. Uma ixutshwe nomanyolo we-phosphate, ingandisa izinga lokusetshenziswa, kodwa ukuhlushwa kukasawoti okuphelele akufanele kudlule u-0.3%. Uma isetshenziswa ezihlahleni zezithelo, kufanele ifakwe emseleni omise okwendandatho oqhele ngamasentimitha angu-50 ukusuka esiqwini esikhulu, kugwenywe ukuthintana ngqo nohlelo lwezimpande.