Ukucindezeleka kokushisa okuphezulu ngokuvamile kubhekisela enhlekeleleni yesimo sezulu lapho izinga lokushisa lidlula umkhawulo ophezulu wezinga lokushisa elifanele ukukhula kwezitshalo, okubangela umonakalo ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo futhi okuholela ekunciphiseni isivuno noma ngisho nokwehluleka ngokuphelele. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa isimo sezulu esiphezulu, kunconywa ukuthi abalimi bathathe izinyathelo ezifanayo ukuzeizitshalo ezahlukene kanye nezigaba ezahlukene zokukhula.
Ilayisi
Umthelela wokushisa okuphezulu elayisini: Ilayisi liyisitshalo esithanda ukufudumala futhi lizwela kakhulu ekushiseni ngesikhathi sokukhula kanye nesigaba sokukhula (okungukuthi, zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-10 ngaphambi nangemva kokukhula). Uma izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi lidlula u-35°C ngesikhathi sokukhula, izitho zokuzala zelayisi zizokhula zingaphelele, impova ngeke ikhule kahle, futhi amandla ayo azoncipha. Uma izinga lokushisa lidlula u-35°C ngesikhathi sokukhula kanye nesigaba sokuqhakaza, kuzokwenzeka umonakalo wokushisa, okuthinta ukusabalala kwempova kanye nobude bamapayipi empova, okuholela ekungakwazini ukuvundisa kanye nokwakheka kwamagobolondo okusanhlamvu angenalutho, okuholela ekwehleni kwesilinganiso sesivuno, isisindo esiphansi sama-grain ayinkulungwane, kanye nokwehluleka ngokuphelele.
Izindlela zokuvimbela ukulimala kokushisa:
1. Qinisa ukuphathwa kwamanzi ensimini. Ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuhlela, insimu yelayisi kumele iniselwe ngengqimba yamanzi ajule ngamasentimitha angu-5-10, enganciphisa izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi welayisi, ithuthukise amandla esistimu yezimpande, futhi ikhulise nomswakama womoya ongqimbeni lwe-panicle, okulungele ukuvundiswa nokubekwa kwembewu yelayisi. Emasimini elayisi esigabeni sokugcwaliswa, ukunisela njalo ngamanzi angajulile kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi ebusuku kungasetshenziswa ukuvimbela "ukuvuthwa okuphoqelela ukushisa okuphezulu" nokunciphisa isisindo sezinhlamvu eziyinkulungwane.
2. Qaphela ukulawula izinambuzane ezigabeni eziphakathi nasekupheleni kokukhula kwelayisi. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lizosheshisa ukuzala kwezinambuzane. Isikhathi esifanele sokulawula izinambuzane zelayisi singesikhathi sokuchamisela amaqanda kanye nenani eliyi-1-2 lezinkanyezi. Isixazululo esiphindwe ka-2000 samanzi angu-10% emidacloprid noma isixazululo esiphindwe ka-1500 sempuphu ye-thiazopyr·isoprocarb engu-25% ingafuthwa ezingxenyeni eziphakathi nezingezansi zelayisi, igcine ungqimba lwamanzi angajulile izinsuku ezingu-3-5.
3. Thatha umanyolo wamaqabunga. Ukufutha ngamaqabunga ngesisombululo se-superphosphate esingu-3% noma isisombululo se-potassium se-phosphoric acid esingu-0.2% kungathuthukisa ukumelana kwezitshalo zerayisi ekushiseni okuphezulu, kunciphise ngempumelelo umonakalo wokushisa, futhi kwandise izinga lokuvuna kanye nesisindo sezinhlamvu eziyinkulungwane.
Imifino
Umthelela wokushisa okuphezulu emifinweni: Uma amanzi amuncwa yizimpande zemifino enhlabathini engakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuhwamuka kwezitshalo, kuzokwenza amaqabunga ezitshalo zemifino agobe, awe, awe ngekhwalithi, anciphise isivuno, aze abune futhi afe. Ezimweni zokushisa okuphezulu, inani lezimbali zemifino lincane, azikhuli kahle futhi ukumelana kwazo nezinambuzane nezifo kuyancipha, futhi izinkinga zezinambuzane nezifo zinzima.
Izindlela zokuvimbela ukulimala kokushisa:
1. khetha ukutshala izinhlobo zemifino ezifanele ukutshalwa endaweni futhi ezimelana kakhulu namazinga okushisa aphezulu nezifo.
2. tshala izitshalo ezinde. Sebenzisa ngokugcwele umphumela womthunzi wezitshalo ezinde, bese ulinganisela inhlanganisela yezitshalo ezikhetha ukukhanya kwelanga nalezo ezikhetha umthunzi, njengokutshala ummbila nemifino engakhuli kahle, ukutshala izitshalo zemifino phakathi kwemigqa yezihlahla zezithelo, njll.
3. mboza ngezinto zokupholisa ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngemifino enamaqabunga etshalwe ehlobo, kungcono ukwakha ishede bese umboza ngamanethi omthunzi ukuze uvikele elangeni nasezilokazaneni. Ungamboza futhi ifilimu evikelayo ngamanethi omthunzi. Ngemigqa yezitshalo engenalutho, beka ungqimba lotshani, utshani obuchotshoziwe, njll. phansi ukuze uvimbele izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi lingabi phezulu kakhulu. Ngezithelo zemifino ezivezwe elangeni, zimboze ngokhula, amaphephandaba amadala, njll. ukuze uzivimbe zingashiswa yilanga.
4. sebenzisa umthunzi wamaqabunga ukuvikela izithelo. Ngezikhathi zokushisa okuphezulu, sebenzisa ngokugcwele umphumela womthunzi weziqu namaqabunga ukuvikela izithelo. Ekutshalweni kwemifino ehlobo, ngokuvamile kuyalulekwa ukutshala ngokujiyile kunokuba kutshalwe kancane, ukuze kusetshenziswe umphumela womthunzi ohambisanayo futhi kube lula ukukhula.
5. nisela ngokufanele. Ngesikhathi sokushisa okuphezulu, khulisa imvamisa kanye nenani lokunisela ngokufanele. Uma izimo zivuma, sebenzisa ukuchelela nge-sprinkler noma amanzi okufafaza emaqabungeni ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi emaqabungeni. Isikhathi kufanele sikhethwe ekuseni noma kusihlwa, futhi unganiseli emazingeni okushisa aphezulu phakathi nosuku. Amanzi kufanele asetshenziswe ngokulinganayo nangokuphelele ukuze inhlabathi ihlale imanzi. Ngemva kwemvula eshisayo, khipha amanzi ngokushesha bese unisela ngamanzi abandayo ukuvimbela umonakalo ekushiseni.
6. gxila ekulawuleni izinambuzane. Ngesikhathi sokushisa okuphezulu kanye nezimo zesomiso, izinambuzane ezifana nama-thrips, ama-aphid, izimpukane ezimhlophe, izimpukane zamaqabunga, kanye nezibungu zivame ukulimala. Ungasebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ezifana ne-imidacloprid, i-dinotefuran, i-ethephon, i-cypermethrin, kanye ne-avermectin ukulawula. Qaphela ukuthi akukhuthazwa ukufafaza izibulala-zinambuzane ezindaweni zokushisa eziphakeme.
Izihlahla zezithelo
Umthelela wokushisa okuphezulu ezihlahleni zezithelo: Ngemva kokuba izihlahla zezithelo zihlushwa ukulimala kokushisa, ngaphezu kokukhula nokuthuthuka okubi, zivame ukubonisa amagxolo esihlahla aqhekekile, amagatsha ashisiwe, amabala afile emaqabungeni, ukuba mnyama nokuphuzi kombala wamaqabunga; Umthelela wokushisa okuphezulu ezihlahleni zezithelo: Ngemva kokuba izihlahla zezithelo zithintekile ukucindezeleka kokushisa, ngaphezu kokukhula nokuthuthuka okubi, zivame ukubonisa amagxolo esihlahla aqhekekile, amagatsha ashisiwe, amabala afile emaqabungeni, ukuba mnyama nokuphuzi kombala wamaqabunga; lapho izithelo zithintekile kancane, zibonisa ukuvuthwa okulibazisekile, usayizi omncane, umbala ompofu, iphunga, ikhwalithi kanye nokuqina kokugcinwa; lapho zithintekile kakhulu, kwenzeka ukuwa kwezithelo nokushiswa kwezicubu.
Izindlela zokuvimbela ukucindezeleka kokushisa:
1. gcwalisa amanzi asensimini ngesikhathi esifanele. Uma ubhekene nesimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile, kufanele kunikelwe ngenkasa ngesikhathi esifanele emithini yezithelo. Ngokwandisa ukutholakala kwamanzi enhlabathini nokuthuthukisa isimo somswakama sensimu yezithelo, isidingo samanzi samaqabunga okuphefumula nokukhulisa izithelo singahlangatshezwa, kuncishiswe umonakalo wesomiso kanye nokucindezeleka kokushisa okuphezulu emithini yezithelo. Zama ukunisela ekuseni noma kusihlwa, futhi nasebusuku kungenzeka. Ezimweni ezomile kakhulu, kungenziwa ngamanani amancane nangezikhathi eziningi, futhi akuvunyelwe ukunikeza amanzi amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze kugwenywe ukuqhekeka kwesithelo.
2. khulisa umswakama wensimu. Ngemishini yokufafaza yensimu, ukupholisa amanzi noma isifutho kanye nomswakama kwenziwa emphemeni wesihlahla naphakathi kwemigqa kusihlwa noma ebusuku ukuthuthukisa isimo sezulu sensimu yezithelo nokunciphisa umonakalo wokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile esihlahleni nasezithelweni.
3. vala ngokugcina umswakama. Utshani belayisi, amaqabunga, njll. kungasetshenziswa ukumboza idiski yesihlahla ukuze kwehliswe izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi endaweni yezimpande futhi kuncishiswe ukuhwamuka kwamanzi.
4. faka umthunzi noma upende isiqu. Ezingadini zezithelo ezisanda kwakhiwa noma ezisencane, inani elincane lommbila noma ezinye izitshalo ezinde zingatshalwa emgqeni ukuze zinikeze umthunzi. Ezingadini zezithelo ezivuthiwe, kuyadingeka ukufaka upende omhlophe esiqwini ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wokushisa okuphezulu kanye nesomiso ezihlahleni zezithelo.
5. ukuvundisa njalo. Ngesikhathi esishisayo nesomile, faka njalo isisombululo se-potassium se-phosphoric acid dihydrogen izikhathi ezingu-600-800 ezihlahleni zezithelo ukuze uvimbele ngempumelelo ukuvulwa kwezikhala zamaqabunga, unciphise ukuhwamuka kwamanzi emzimbeni wesihlahla, futhi uthuthukise ukumelana nesomiso komzimba wesihlahla.
6. vimbela izifo nezinambuzane. Ngesikhathi sezulu esishisayo nesomile, kulula ukubangela ukwanda kwezibungu, ama-aphid nezinye izinambuzane kanye namaqabunga aphuzi aphilayo, ukuqubuka kokubola kwezimpande. Kuyadingeka ukunaka ngokukhethekile ukuvimbela. lapho izithelo zithinteke kancane, zibonisa ukuvuthwa okulibazisekile, usayizi omncane, umbala ompofu, iphunga, ikhwalithi kanye nokuqina kokugcinwa; lapho zithinteke kakhulu, kuvela ukuwa kwezithelo nokushiswa kwezicubu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-02-2026
