I-malaria vector, i-Anopheles mosquito (i-Nyssorhynchus darlingi), isiqala ukumelana nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane.

Ngokusho kombiko we-World Health Organisation's World Malaria Report 2025, amacala e-malaria eMelika akhuphuke ngo-15.7% phakathi kuka-2015 no-2024.
I-malaria yisifo esidluliselwa ngegazi esidluliselwa omiyane abaphethe i-Plasmodium parasite. Naphezu kwemizamo yokulawula omiyane, i-malaria isalokhu isakazeke ezingxenyeni zaseNingizimu Melika, e-Asia nase-Afrika. Ephephandabeni likaMashi ku-Science, uJacob Tennison kanye nozakwabo bahlole izakhi zofuzo zabantu be-Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) darlini, i-vector eyinhloko ye-malaria eNingizimu Melika. Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi i-Anopheles darlini iyaqhubeka nokumelana nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane.
UTennessen nozakwabo balandelela ama-genome omiyane abangu-1,094 abavela emazweni ayisithupha (iBrazil, iColombia, iFrench Guiana, iGuyana, iPeru, neVenezuela). Bathole ukuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo okuphindaphindiwe kubantu abangomakhelwane, ikakhulukazi ngaphakathi kwefasitela elingu-150-kb elihlanganisa izakhi zofuzo eziyisithupha ezifaka ikhodi ye-cytochrome P450. Ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ze-P450 kuhlotshaniswa nokumelana nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane ye-pyrethroid, njengoba kubonwe ku-Anopheles funestus kanye ne-Anopheles gambiae e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara.
Thola ukucaca okungenakuqhathaniswa ngeplatifomu eyodwa ehlanganisa idatha eyingqayizivele, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, nolwazi lochwepheshe.
Ababhali baphinde bakhomba lokhu kuguquka okukhetheke kakhulu njenge-polymorphism ku-CYP6AA1 gene, lapho i-allele eyodwa ifaka i-threonine endaweni engu-283, kanti enye ifaka i-lysine. Ukuze bahlole ukuthi ngabe le-polymorphism inika ukumelana nezinambuzane komiyane, abacwaningi babambe ama-Anopheles darlingi ayi-16 asendle futhi bawaphatha nge-deltamethrin. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi omiyane abaphethe i-threonine-lysine polymorphism baphile isikhathi eside kakhulu kunalabo abane-homozygous ye-threonine noma i-homozygous ye-lysine. Ngakho-ke, inani lama-Anopheles darlingi okwamanje likhethwa ngenxa yezinguquko ezithuthukisa ukumelana kwalo ne-deltamethrin.
Ngokusho kwe-World Health Organization (WHO) “World Malaria Report 2025,” amacala e-malaria eMelika akhuphuke ngo-15.7% phakathi kuka-2015 no-2024, kanti iVenezuela, iBrazil, neColombia zingu-75% walezi zimo. Ososayensi bezifo e-GlobalData babikezela ukuthi ngo-2026, iBrazil izoba namacala angaphezu kuka-160,000 aqinisekisiwe e-malaria kanye namacala amasha angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1.6.
Isihluthulelo sokuqeda umalaleveva sisekulawulweni kwezinambuzane. Omiyane bohlobo lwe-Anopheles africanus baye bamelana nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane ye-pyrethroid, futhi lokhu kumelana kubonakala sengathi kuthuthuka ngokuzimela komiyane bohlobo lwe-Anopheles dulcis. Njengoba ingcindezi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo iqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukumelana nomiyane, ukulawula inani lomiyane kuzoba nzima kakhulu, futhi ukuqeda umalaleveva kuzoba nzima kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kunikezwe kuqala ezinye izindlela zokulawula izinambuzane nezifo.
Thola ukucaca okungenakuqhathaniswa ngeplatifomu eyodwa ehlanganisa idatha eyingqayizivele, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, nolwazi lochwepheshe.
Sicela ubuyekeze iNqubomgomo yethu Yobumfihlo ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezinsizakalo zethu, okuhlanganisa nendlela esisebenzisa ngayo, esicubungula ngayo, futhi esabelana ngayo ngedatha yakho yomuntu siqu, amalungelo akho mayelana nedatha yakho yomuntu siqu, kanye nendlela yokuzikhipha ohlwini lokuxhumana kokumaketha kwesikhathi esizayo. Izinsizakalo zethu zihloselwe abasebenzisi bebhizinisi, futhi uyaqinisekisa ukuthi ikheli le-imeyili olinikezayo yikheli le-imeyili lebhizinisi lakho.