Muva nje, uMkhandlu Kahulumeni ukhiphe “uHlelo Lokusebenza Oluphezulu Lwe-Carbon lweSikhathi Sohlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu ye-15” (oluzobizwa ngokuthi “uHlelo Lokusebenza” lapha), lwenza amalungiselelo omsebenzi wokuphakama kwe-carbon ngesikhathi soHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu ye-15.
“Uhlelo Lokusebenza” luthi ngo-2030, ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide eShayina ngeyunithi ngayinye ye-GDP kuzoncishiswa ngo-17% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2025, kanti isilinganiso samandla angewona awezinto zasendulo sizofinyelela ku-25%.Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukufezwa ngesikhathi komgomo wokuphakama kwekhabhoni, kubeke isisekelo esiqinile sokufeza imigomo kazwelonke yokuzibophezela ngo-2035 kanye nokukhuthaza ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni.
“Uhlelo Lokusebenza” lufake imisebenzi emihlanu ebalulekile. Okokuqala, luhlose ukusheshisa ukwenziwa ngcono kwesakhiwo samandla nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla angewona awezinto ezisetshenziswayo, ukuthuthukisa amandla ohlelo lwamandla ukuze lukwazi ukwamukela amandla amasha, ukukhuthaza ngamandla ukushintshaniswa okuhlanzekile kokusetshenziswa kwamalahle, nokuthuthukisa njalo isakhiwo sokusetshenziswa kukawoyela negesi. Okwesibili, lugxile ekukhuthazeni ukuguqulwa okuluhlaza nokunekhabhoni ephansi kwezimboni, ukukhuthaza ukuguqulwa okuluhlaza nokunekhabhoni ephansi kwesakhiwo sezimboni, ukwenza ukongiwa kwamandla nokuvuselelwa kokunciphisa ikhabhoni ezimbonini zendabuko, ukusheshisa ukwakhiwa kwamapaki ekhabhoni engenalutho kanye nezimboni zekhabhoni engenalutho, ukukhuthaza ukuguqulwa okuluhlaza nokunekhabhoni ephansi kwezikhungo zekhompyutha, kanye nokusebenzisa indima yomnotho ojikelezayo ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni.Okwesithathu, kujulisa ukuguquka okuluhlaza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwekhabhoni ephansi ezindaweni ezibalulekile,ukukhuthaza ukongiwa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ikhabhoni emkhakheni wezokwakha kanye nezikhungo zomphakathi, ukusheshisa ukuguqulwa kwekhabhoni ephansi emkhakheni wezokuthutha, kanye nokuhlanganisa nokuthuthukisa amandla okucwila kwekhabhoni kwezinhlelo zemvelo. Okwesine, kuqinisa ukwesekwa kanye neziqinisekiso, ukuthuthukisa uhlaka lwezomthetho nolokulawula, ukwenza ngcono izibalo zokukhishwa kwekhabhoni kanye nohlelo lokubala, ukuqinisa ukwesekwa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nokutshalwa kwamakhono, ukuthuthukisa ukwesekwa kwezezimali, ukuthuthukisa izinqubomgomo zamanani, kanye nokusungula izindlela zemakethe. Okwesihlanu, kuhlanganisa imizamo yawo wonke amaqembu, kucacisa imithwalo yemfanelo yendawo, kuqalise izenzo zomphakathi eziluhlaza kanye nezingcolile, kanye nokujulisa ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe okuluhlaza kanye nezingcolile.
“Uhlelo Lokusebenza” luphinde luveze uchungechunge lwamaphrojekthi abalulekile, okuhlanganisa usizo lwamandla oluphakathi kwezifundazwe, ukushintshaniswa okuhlanzekile kokusetshenziswa kwamalahle, ukongiwa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ikhabhoni ezimbonini ezibalulekile, ukushisa nokupholisa okunekhabhoni ephansi kanye nekhabhoni engenalutho, ukwakhiwa kwemizila yokuthutha engenalutho, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono esisekelo sekhabhoni kanye nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni.
Uhlelo Lokusebenza Lwe-“15-15″ Carbon Peak”
Isikhathi "se-14th Five-Year Plan" siyisigaba esibalulekile nesinzima sokufinyelela esicongweni sekhabhoni. Ukuze kuqaliswe izinqumo namalungiselelo eKomidi Eliphakathi leQembu LamaKhomanisi laseShayina kanye noMkhandlu Wezwe, kanye nokukhuthaza ngenkuthalo nangokuqhubekayo nokufinyelela esicongweni sekhabhoni, kanye nokusheshisa ukuguqulwa okuluhlaza okuphelele kwentuthuko yezomnotho neyezenhlalo, ngokuhambisana nezidingo ezifanele njengeKhodi Yomthetho Wokuvikelwa Kwemvelo kanye "Nezinyathelo Zokuhlola Eziphelele Nokuhlola Zesicongo Sekhabhoni kanye Nokungathathi-hlangothi Kwekhabhoni", lolu hlelo seluklanywe.
I. Ukusheshisa Ukuthuthukiswa Kwesakhiwo Samandla
(1) Khuthaza ngamandla ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla angewona awezinto zasendulo. Namathela enhlanganisela yamandla amaningi omoya, ilanga, amanzi, kanye namandla enuzi, futhi uthuthukise amandla amasha ngamandla amakhulu. Hlanganisa ukwakheka kokuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa futhi uqinisekise ukusetshenziswa nokusetshenziswa. Nweba ukuhlinzekwa okusebenzayo kwamandla angewona awezinto zasendulo. Yakha izisekelo zamandla ahlanzekile njengamandla omoya kanye ne-photovoltaic "eNyakatho-ntshonalanga naseNyakatho-mpumalanga", ukuhlanganiswa kwamanzi kanye nomoya-nelanga eningizimu-ntshonalanga, amandla enuzi asogwini, kanye namandla omoya asogwini. Thuthukisa ngenkuthalo amandla omoya asatshalaliswa nge-photovoltaic kanye nawase-decentralized, ukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwamandla elanga agxilile, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla olwandle, futhi usebenzise amandla e-biomass kanye namandla e-geothermal ngokusekelwe ezimweni zendawo. Hlela futhi wakhe izisekelo ezihlanganisiwe zomoya, ilanga, i-hydrogen, i-ammonia, kanye notshwala. Sheshisa ukumbozwa kokusetshenziswa kukagesi okusha ngogesi omusha wamandla ahlanzekile. Ngo-2030, amandla okufaka wonke amandla omoya kanye nelanga azofinyelela kuma-kilowatts angaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingu-2.8, amandla afakiwe kagesi wamanzi ovamile azofinyelela kuma-kilowatts angaba yizigidi ezingu-410, kanti amandla okusebenza kwamandla enuzi azofinyelela kuma-kilowatts angaba yizigidi ezingu-110.
(2) Sheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwekhono lesistimu yamandla lokwamukela amandla amasha. Zivumelanise nomkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kwamandla amasha, uqinise ikhono lesistimu yamandla lokwamukela, ukulungisa, nokulawula amandla amasha. Thuthukisa ukudluliselwa kwezifundazwe kanye nezifunda kanye namakhono okusizana nokusizana, usheshise ukwakhiwa kweziteshi zokudlulisa amandla kagesi aphezulu kakhulu, wandise amandla okudluliselwa kwamandla kusuka entshonalanga kuya empumalanga ngama-kilowatts angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-80, futhi ukhuthaze ngamandla ukwakhiwa kwamaphrojekthi okusizana kwamandla kagesi phakathi kwezifundazwe. Sekela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amasha endaweni, uthuthukise ngenkuthalo uxhumano oluqondile lwamandla aluhlaza, kanye nokufinyelela eduze kwamandla amasha kumanethiwekhi okusabalalisa akhulayo, ukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa okuhlanganisiwe komthombo, igridi, umthwalo, kanye nokugcina. Yandisa njalo isikali sezinsiza zokulungisa ohlelweni lwamandla, unamathele ekubalulekeni kwemvelo, ukuqondiswa kwesidingo, kanye nokuhlelwa okuhle, futhi wenze ukwakhiwa kweziteshi zamandla zokugcina ezipompiwe ngokusekelwe ezimweni zendawo; ukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwesitoreji samandla amasha; hlola amathuba okulawulwa kwesidingo, usheshise ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo zamandla ezibonakalayo, futhi ukhuthaze ukubamba iqhaza kwezinsiza ezahlukahlukene ezihlakazekile njengemithwalo elungisekayo ekulawulweni kwesistimu. Kancane kancane cacisa isilinganiso esincane sokusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo ezimbonini ezibalulekile ezisebenzisa amandla. Ngo-2030, amandla afakiwe eziteshini zamandla zokugcina ezipompiwe azofinyelela cishe kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-160, amandla afakiwe esitoreji samandla esisha azolwela ukufinyelela kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-300, amandla okulawula aphezulu esitshalo samandla esibonakalayo sikazwelonke azofinyelela kuma-kilowatts angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-50, kanye namandla okuphendula isidingo samandla azofinyelela ku-5% womthwalo omkhulu kagesi.
(3) Khuthaza ngokujulile ukushintshwa okuhlanzekile kokusetshenziswa kwamalahle. Lawula ngokufanele amandla afakiwe kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla kwezitshalo zamandla ezisebenzisa amalahle, khuthaza ukuguqulwa kwezitshalo zamandla ezisebenzisa amalahle ukuze zisekele futhi zilawule imithombo yamandla, futhi usekele ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla asebenzisa amalahle kanye namandla amasha. Yenza ukuguqulwa kwamayunithi kagesi asebenzisa amalahle ngekhabhoni ephansi, yenza ukuguqulwa kokushintsha ukushisa kwamayunithi kagesi ezishisayo ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokungathinti ukushisa, usekele ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zokugcina ukushisa ezitshalweni zamandla ezishisayo. Qinisa ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamayunithi kagesi asebenzisa amalahle asebenza kahle futhi asindisa amandla kanye nemishini yawo ewusizo. Ngokomthetho nangokuhambisana nemithetho, susa ngokuphelele futhi uvale amayunithi kagesi asebenzisa amalahle (kufaka phakathi amayunithi azisebenzela wona) angahlangabezani nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukusetshenziswa kwamalahle, ukuphepha, kanye nezidingo zobudala. Khuthaza ngenkuthalo amayunithi kagesi azisebenzela wona ukuthi ahlanganyele ekushefweni kwegridi. Khuthaza ukuguqulwa kwekhabhoni ephansi embonini yamakhemikhali amalahle, unciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamalahle kanye nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngomkhiqizo ngamunye, futhi usekele ukuthuthukiswa kokuhlanganiswa kwamaphrojekthi amakhemikhali amalahle ngogesi oluhlaza kanye ne-hydrogen eluhlaza. Khuthaza ngamandla ukufakwa esikhundleni okuhlanzekile kwama-boiler asebenzisa amalahle kanye nama-oven ezimboni asebenzisa amalahle, ususe ngokuphelele ama-boiler asebenzisa amalahle anamandla angamathani ayi-10 ngehora noma ngaphansi, bese ushintsha kancane kancane ama-boiler amancane naphakathi nendawo asebenzisa amalahle ezimbonini ezahlukene. "Ibhizinisi elilodwa, inqubomgomo eyodwa" ikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamalahle kanye nokunciphisa amabhizinisi asebenzisa amalahle. Sekela izifunda ezifanelekayo ukuthi zisebenzise ukufakwa esikhundleni kwamalahle okulinganayo noma okuncishisiwe kwamaphrojekthi amasha angewona "amabili aphezulu".
(4) Qhubeka nokwenza ngcono isakhiwo sokusetshenziswa kukawoyela negesi. Khuthaza ngenkuthalo ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela oluhlaza njenge-hydrogen ammonia alcohol eluhlaza, i-bio-diesel, kanye nophethiloli wezindiza oqhubekayo. Khuthaza ukufakwa esikhundleni kokusetshenziswa kukawoyela wamakhemikhali, hlola ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela oluhlaza we-hydrogen ammonia embonini yamakhemikhali, futhi ukhuthaze kancane kancane ukufakwa esikhundleni kukawoyela wamandla ezimboni kanye nokusetshenziswa kokushisa. Qondisa ukukhula kokusetshenziswa kwegesi yemvelo ukuze kuhlale kusezingeni elifanele, nikeza kuqala ukuhlinzekwa kwegesi yasekhaya, uqondise ukusetshenziswa kwegesi okunengqondo kwezimboni ezibalulekile namabhizinisi, futhi wakhe izitshalo zamandla eziphakamisa igesi yemvelo ngokusekelwe ezimweni zendawo. Qinisa ukulondolozwa kwemithombo kawoyela negesi kuzo zonke izixhumanisi zokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa, thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwemithombo kawoyela negesi.
II. Ukukhuthaza Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezimboni Eziluhlaza Nezingakhabhoni Ephansi
(5) Khuthaza ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo sezimboni okuluhlaza okotshani kanye nokunekhabhoni ephansi. Ngokuqhubekayo nangokuhlelekile, qeda ukuxazululwa kokuphikisana kwesakhiwo ezimbonini ezibalulekile, futhi ngokomthetho nangokuhambisana nemithethonqubo, susa amandla okukhiqiza kanye nemishini engemuva nengasebenzi kahle. Qinisa ukuphathwa okujwayelekile kwamandla okukhiqiza usimende. Lawula ngempumelelo amaphrojekthi "okusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kanye nokungcola okuphezulu", uqinise ukulawulwa komthombo, wenze ngokuqinile ukugcinwa kwamandla kanye nokubuyekezwa kokunciphisa ikhabhoni, futhi usebenzise izidingo zokulingana kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni noma ukushintshwa kokunciphisa kwamaphrojekthi ezimboni amasha (okuvuselelwa, ukunwetshwa) "okusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kanye nokungcola okuphezulu". Sheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla aluhlaza okotshani, ukukhiqizwa okuluhlaza okotshani, kanye nezinsizakalo eziluhlaza okotshani kanye nezinye izimboni eziluhlaza okotshani kanye nokunekhabhoni ephansi, uthuthukise njalo izinzuzo zokuncintisana zamandla amasha, izimoto zamandla amasha, amandla ebhethri, njll., futhi uhlakulele izimboni ze-hydrogen, uphethiloli oluhlaza okotshani, njll.. Sekela ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zezinsizakalo zokuphathwa kwekhabhoni, ukhuthaze amamodeli okuphatha avela eceleni njengokuphathwa kwamandla enkontileka, futhi ukhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bedijithali nobuhlakani ekuthuthukisweni okuluhlaza okotshani kanye nokunekhabhoni ephansi.
(6) Yenza ukongiwa kwamandla kanye nokuvuselelwa kokunciphisa ikhabhoni ezimbonini zendabuko. Gxila emishinini eyinhloko esebenzisa amandla, amadivayisi, kanye nezinqubo ezimbonini ezibalulekile, usebenzise ngokugcwele ukongiwa kwamandla kanye nokuvuselelwa kokunciphisa ikhabhoni, ukhuthaze ngamandla ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe kanye nemishini yokonga amandla kanye nekhabhoni ephansi, uqinise ukusungulwa kwezinqubo zekhabhoni ephansi kanye nokuguqulwa kwedijithali, futhi uthuthukise ngempumelelo ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza kanye nokunciphisa amazinga okukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Qinisa ukuqapha ukongiwa kwamandla, uthuthukise indlela yokuxilonga ukusebenza kahle kwamandla emikhakheni ebalulekile. Ngesikhathi "se-14th Five-Year Plan", ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni dioksijini ngeyunithi ngayinye yenani elengeziwe lezimboni zezimboni ezinkulu kuzoncishiswa ngaphezu kuka-17%, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngeyunithi ngayinye yenani elengeziwe lezimboni kuzoncishiswa ngaphezu kuka-10%, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngeyunithi ngayinye ye-GDP kuzoncishiswa cishe ngo-10%, kanye namandla okonga amandla angaphezu kwamathani ayizigidi ezingu-150 amalahle ajwayelekile azofezwa ngokulondolozwa kwamandla kanye nokuvuselelwa kokunciphisa ikhabhoni ezimbonini ezibalulekile.
(7) Ukusheshisa ukwakhiwa kwamapaki angenakhabhoni kanye nezimboni ezingenalutho. Izinga eliphezulu lokukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwamapaki kazwelonke angenakhabhoni, ukukhipha iziqondiso zokwakhiwa kwamapaki angenakhabhoni, ukusekela izindawo ukuze kwenziwe ukulungiswa kwamapaki angenakhabhoni kanye nangenakhabhoni ngokusekelwe ezimweni zendawo. Qondisa amaphrojekthi amasha ukuze kubekwe phambili ukuhlanganiswa kwamapaki angenakhabhoni, ukusheshisa ukwakheka kwamaqoqo ezimboni "aluhlaza okusekelwe kumaqoqo ezimboni aluhlaza", ukukhuthaza imithwalo ekhona emapaki angenakhabhoni ukuxhuma ngqo ugesi oluhlaza, ukusekela ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokushisa obusha nobencane kanye namamodeli amasha. Khuthaza ngamandla ukwakhiwa kwamafektri angenakhabhoni, ukusekela amabhizinisi ezimboni afanelekayo ukwenza uxhumano oluqondile lukagesi oluhlaza, ukukhuthaza ngokubambisana ukwakhiwa nokusetshenziswa kwamagridi amancane aluhlaza ezimboni, izikhungo zamandla edijithali kanye nokuphathwa kwekhabhoni, kanye nokulwela ukuthuthukisa izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo endaweni. Ngesikhathi "soHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu lwe-14", kuzokwakhiwa amapaki acishe abe yi-100 kazwelonke angenakhabhoni kanye nezimboni ezingama-500 ezingenalutho.
(8) Khuthaza ukuguqulwa kwezindawo zokubala eziluhlaza nezingenakhabhoni eningi. Qinisa ukuhlelwa okuhlelekile kwezindawo zokubala ngamandla avuselelekayo, usekele ukuhlinzekwa kukagesi oluhlaza, ulungiselele ngokufanele isitoreji samandla, imithombo yamandla eyisipele kanye nezinye izindawo ezisekelayo, ukhuthaze ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kukagesi wamandla angewona awezinto zasendulo ezindaweni zokubala ezisanda kwakhiwa. Thuthukisa amazinga okonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa ikhabhoni ezindaweni zokubala, ukhuthaze ukongiwa kwamandla kanye nokuvuselelwa kokunciphisa ikhabhoni kwezindawo zokubala ezingahambisani nemithetho, uqede ngokuhlelekile ubuchwepheshe kanye nemishini engemuva nengasebenzi kahle, futhi uthuthukise izinga lokusebenza kahle kwamandla kwezindawo zokubala. Sheshisa ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zokubala eziluhlaza, ukhuthaze ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zokubala ezingenalutho.
(9) Dlala indima yomnotho ojikelezayo ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Khuthaza ngamandla imodeli yokukhiqiza eyindilinga yezinsiza, uqinise ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwemfucuza, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amaningi, kanye nokuvuselelwa kwezinsiza zamanzi, futhi ukhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zamanzi angcolile, igesi engcolile, uketshezi olungcolile, kanye nezinsalela zemfucuza. Sheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwenethiwekhi yokuvuselela imfucuza, ukhuthaze imodeli yokuvuselela "i-inthanethi +", futhi ulungise iziteshi "zokushintshana + zokuvuselela". Qinisa ukuvuselelwa okujwayelekile kanye nokusetshenziswa okucwengekile kwemikhiqizo kagesi neye-elekthronikhi, amabhethri emfucuza, imishini yomoya ne-photovoltaic engasebenzi, izimoto ezilahliwe, kanye nemishini yezolimo elahliwe, wandise iziteshi zokusetshenziswa okuphelele kwemfucuza eqinile efana nomlotha wempukane, i-gangue yamalahle, izinsalela zezolimo, kanye nomquba wezilwane, usheshise ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha nobokushisa obungenakhabhoni ephansi kanye namamodeli amasha. Khuthaza ngamandla ukwakhiwa kwezimboni ze-zero-carbon, usekele amabhizinisi ezimboni afanelekayo ukwenza ukuxhumana okuqondile kukagesi oluhlaza, ukhuthaze ngokubambisana ukwakhiwa nokusetshenziswa kwamagridi amancane aluhlaza ezimboni, izikhungo zokuphathwa kwamandla edijithali kanye nekhabhoni, futhi ulwele ukuthuthukisa indima esekelayo yokuvuselela izinsiza ekuphepheni kwezinsiza.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-15-2026
