Lapho kwethulwa isimo mayelana nokusheshisa ukwenziwa kwesimanje kwezolimo nezindawo zasemakhaya kanye nokukhuthaza ukuvuselelwa okuphelele kwezindawo zasemakhaya, isihluthulelo sokwenziwa kwesimanje kwezolimo sisekuthuthukisweni kwesimanje kwezolimo.isayensi nobuchwepheshe bezolimo.
Ngo-2025, uMnyango Wezolimo Nezindaba Zasemakhaya, ngokubambisana neminyango efanele njengoMnyango Wezesayensi Nobuchwepheshe, uMnyango Wezemfundo, kanye ne-Chinese Academy of Sciences, uzogxila ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lokusungula izinto ezintsha kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe bezolimo, ukuqinisa amandla kazwelonke esayensi nobuchwepheshe bezolimo, ukuqinisa isikhundla esiphambili samabhizinisi ezolimo ekusunguleni izinto ezintsha kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, kanye nokukhuthaza ucwaningo nentuthuko ehlelekile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemiphumela yocwaningo. Izinga lomnikelo weisayensi nobuchwepheshe bezolimoukukhula komnotho kazwelonke kuzodlula ama-64%.
Okokuqala, kwatholakala okubalulekile ocwaningweni oluyisisekelo. Imfihlakalo yokuthi iseli elilodwa "liguquka" kanjani libe yisitshalo esiphelele yembulwa ngempumelelo, yanikeza isisekelo esisha semfundiso yokuthuthukiswa kwezakhi zofuzo zezitshalo kanye nokuvuselelwa okuphumelelayo. Le mpumelelo yakhethwa njengenye yezindaba zesayensi zasekhaya eziyishumi eziphezulu zango-2025. Izakhi zofuzo zerayisi zokuqala emhlabeni ezimelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu zakhiwa kabusha, zanikeza ikhambi elisha lokufeza ukukhiqizwa kwerayisi okuzinzile nokusezingeni eliphezulu ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu. Lokhu kwafakwa ohlwini njengenye yezinguquko zesayensi eziyishumi eziphezulu zomhlaba wonke zango-2025 ngumagazini iSayensi.
Okwesibili, kutholakale intuthuko ebalulekile ocwaningweni lwasemngceleni. Ukukhiqiza izinto eziphilayo kwezolimo kuphumelele kakhulu, "ubuhlakani bokwenziwa + ezolimo" kusheshisiwe ekwakhiweni kwayo, futhi amamodeli amakhulu ezolimo ezihlakaniphile abuyekezwa futhi asetshenziswa njalo.
Okwesithathu, kuye kwaba nempumelelo enkulu kwezobuchwepheshe bezimboni. Uhlobo olusha lukakolweni, i-Yangmai 53, luye lwakhiqizwa, okuvula indlela yokuxazulula ngempumelelo izinkinga zokumelana nokubuna kwe-fusarium, isivuno kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokubambisana kwekhwalithi. Kuye kwenziwa intuthuko ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwemishini emisha yezolimo yamandla futhi iye yasetshenziswa. Inkinga "yokutholakala kwezinto eziphilayo" kanye "nokusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphilayo" kwezinye izindawo zezintaba nezintaba kuye kwancishiswa ngempumelelo, futhi ucwaningo nokusetshenziswa kwamarobhothi ezolimo kuye kwasheshiswa futhi kwafezwa impumelelo.
Okulandelayo, uMnyango Wezolimo Nezindaba Zasemakhaya uzogxila ekukhuthazeni ukuhlanganiswa okujulile kokusungula izinto ezintsha kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezimboni, futhi uthuthukise amandla amasha okukhiqiza ezolimo ngokusekelwe ezimweni zendawo.
Okokuqala, sizoqinisa ukuhlinzekwa kwezimpumelelo zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Sizoqhubeka nokuthuthukisa indlela yocwaningo nentuthuko ehilela “ukuqoqa izidingo ezivela ezimbonini, ukwenza ucwaningo kanye nemiboniso ezimweni, kanye nokuhlola nokwamukela imiphumela evela kubasebenzisi”, futhi sisheshise ukufezwa kwemiphumela eminingi yokuqala ebalulekile kanye nemishini ebalulekile ewusizo emithonjeni yembewu eyinhloko, imishini yemishini ehlakaniphile ephezulu, kanye neyokulima efanelekela izindawo ezinamagquma nezintaba.
Okwesibili, sizoqinisa ukutshalwa kwamabhizinisi obuchwepheshe ahamba phambili. Sizoqalisa ngokujulile iphrojekthi yokulima ubuchwepheshe bezolimo “izinkulungwane eziyikhulu, izinkulungwane, neshumi”, sikhuthaze ukuqoqwa kwezinsiza ezintsha emabhizinisini, sisungule izinhlangano eziningi ezintsha eziholwa amabhizinisi, futhi sikhuthaze ukusungula izinto ezintsha ezihlanganisiwe ngokubambisana kwemboni-inyuvesi-nocwaningo.
Okwesithathu, sizoqinisa ukusetshenziswa kwezimpumelelo zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe. Sizosebenzisa isenzo sokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha bezolimo, imikhiqizo emisha, kanye nezimo ezintsha, sakhe izisekelo zokuhlola ubuchwepheshe bezolimo, sakhe izinkundla eziningi zokuhlola ubuchwepheshe bezolimo kanye nokuqinisekisa, futhi sisheshise ukuvuthwa kanye nokuguqulwa kwezimpumelelo zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe bezolimo. Siqinise izikhungo namaqembu okwandisa ubuchwepheshe bezolimo enhlalakahleni yomphakathi, sisebenzise izindima zezikhungo zocwaningo, amanyuvesi, namabhizinisi, futhi sisheshise ukukhuthazwa kwezimpumelelo zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe kwezolimo emadolobheni nasemakhaya.
Ngonyaka odlule, intuthuko eluhlaza kwezolimo ishintshe kakhulu, yafinyelela intuthuko enhle. Amazinga okusetshenziswa komanyolo kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane akhuphuke kakhulu, kanti izinga lokusetshenziswa okuphelele komanyolo wezilwane nezinkukhu lidlule u-80%. Inani eliphelele lokudla okuluhlaza, imikhiqizo yemvelo, imikhiqizo yezolimo ekhethekile kanye nemikhiqizo yezolimo emisha engcono kakhulu, kanye nemikhiqizo yezolimo ekhombisa indawo lidlule u-88,000. Ngo-2026, uMnyango Wezolimo Nezindaba Zasemakhaya uzosungula futhi usebenzise umqondo wokuthi (izintaba eziluhlaza namanzi acwebile) zilingana nezintaba zegolide nesiliva, ulwele ukuthuthukisa izindlela zezikhungo, usheshise ukuguqulwa kwezindlela zokuthuthukiswa, futhi ukhuthaze ukuguqulwa okuluhlaza okuphelele kwentuthuko yezolimo ukuze kufinyelelwe intuthuko enkulu.
Okokuqala, khuthaza ukongiwa kwezinsizakusebenza futhi unciphise inani lokufaka ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa ukusebenza kahle. Qinisa ukuvikelwa nokusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza zomhlaba okulima, futhi uthuthukise ikhwalithi yomhlaba okulima. Khuthaza ukonga amanzi ngamasu ezolimo, izinyathelo zobunjiniyela, kanye nemikhuba yokuphatha, futhi ukhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ezolimo okuphumelelayo nokungabizi. Qinisa ukusetshenziswa komanyolo oqondile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane zesayensi, futhi usebenzise ngokuphelele amanzi angcolile avela ekufuyweni kwezinhlanzi. Qinisa ukusetshenziswa nokuphathwa kwefilimu yepulasitiki ngokwesayensi, futhi uthuthukise ukuphathwa kokupakisha kwezinto zokusebenza zezolimo.
Okwesibili, khuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemfucuza. Imfucuza iyimithombo elahlekile. Yandisa izindlela zokusebenzisa utshani, uthuthukise izinga lesayensi nelijwayelekile lokubuyela kotshani enhlabathini; khuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemfuyo kanye nomanyolo wezinkukhu, futhi usheshise ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwemfucuza yemvelo yasemakhaya.
Okwesithathu, ukukhuthaza ukuzinza kanye nokwehlukahlukana kwezindawo zemvelo zezolimo. Khuthaza ukubuyiselwa kwemvelo kwezigodi zemifula ezibalulekile, ukwenza ukubuyiselwa kwemvelo kwezolimo eSigodini Somfula iYangtze, ukusebenzisa ngokungaguquki ukuvinjelwa kokudoba kweminyaka eyishumi emfuleni iYangtze, ukuqinisa ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kwezolimo eSigodini Somfula iYellow, ukusebenzisa ngokuqinile ukuvinjelwa kokudoba kwasolwandle ehlobo, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa okusimeme kwezinsiza zasolwandle. Ukuthuthukisa inani lemvelo lezolimo, ukukhuthaza ukongiwa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ikhabhoni kwezolimo, kanye nokuthuthukisa ikhono lokukhiqiza kwezolimo lokuzivumelanisa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Okwesine, khuthaza ukuguqulwa okuluhlaza nokunekhabhoni ephansi kulo lonke uchungechunge lwezolimo. Hlela ukuqhuba umjikelezo omusha wokwahlukaniswa kwezinsiza zezolimo. Khuthaza ngamandla ubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza nokujikelezayo, khuthaza ukulima okuhlanganisiwe, ukukhiqizwa kokusanhlamvu nokudla okuhlanganisiwe, kanye nokulima okuhlanganisiwe kwezinhlanzi zerayisi. Thuthukisa uchungechunge lwenani lezolimo oluluhlaza nokunekhabhoni ephansi, sheshisa ukukhuthazwa kokunciphisa ukucubungula kanye nokwenyuka kwenani, khuthaza ukunciphisa izindleko zokujikeleza kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle, futhi uthuthukise izinga nezinga lokuphepha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-10-2026
