Imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ye-Ethephon

Uma kukhulunywa ngokuthii-ethephon, into yokuqala efika ezingqondweni zabantu ukuthi iyisilawuli sokukhula kwezitshalo esisetshenziswa kakhulu, esinomsebenzi wokusheshisa ukuvuthwa kwezithelo, ukuncipha kanye nokuguga. Eqinisweni, lokhu kumane nje kungenye yemiphumela yayo. Kuneminye imiphumela eminingi yayo? Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngezindlela ezithile zokusebenzisa kwayo.

I-Ethephon imuncwa kalula yizitshalo futhi kancane kancane ikhipha i-ethylene emzimbeni wesitshalo, ithuthukisa umsebenzi we-peroxidase wesitshalo, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise ukubusa kwe-apical futhi yandise ama-tiller asebenzayo, okwenza isitshalo sibe sifushane futhi siqine, futhi sivimbele ukuthi singawi; ingenza futhi izitshalo zingazali, ibangele kusenesikhathi, ikhuthaze ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kusenesikhathi futhi okufanayo; futhi inomphumela wokubangela ukotini ukuthi ulahle amaqabunga nezihlahla zetiye ukuze zilahle amahlumela; ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-ejenti yokuvuthwa kwezithelo.

I. Ukukhuthaza Ukuvuthwa Kwezithelo

Ukuhlolwa kubonise ukuthi ngesikhathi senqubo yokuvuthwa kwemvelo kwezithelo, kukhiqizwa i-ethylene. I-ethylene ingalawula uchungechunge lwemisebenzi efana nama-enzyme, ama-nucleic acid, kanye nokuguqulwa kwe-metabolism yokuphefumula ezithelweni, ngaleyo ndlela ikhuthaze ukuvuthwa kwezithelo. Lapho isisombululo se-ethylene singena emzimbeni wesitshalo, sizokhipha i-ethylene ngamazinga ahlukene kuye ngenani le-pH yeseli, okusheshisa ukuvuthwa kwezithelo.

1. Izindlela zokwelapha utamatisi:

(1) Indlela yokucwilisa imbewu: Khetha utamatisi oluhlaza novuthiwe esigabeni sokuvuthwa bese uwucwilisa ku-ethylene engu-1500 ppm cishe umzuzu owodwa. Wasuse, ukhiphe amanzi, bese uwabeka kubhasikidi we-bamboo, imibhede efudumele, noma ezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Lawula izinga lokushisa ku-22-25℃. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3, izithelo eziningi zizoba bomvu.

(2) Indlela yokumboza izithelo: Ngemva kokuba utamatisi usungene esigabeni sokuvuthwa, ingxenye yenyanga ngaphambi kokuvunwa, sebenzisa amabhola kakotini, amabhulashi, njll. ukucwilisa isisombululo se-ethylene esingu-2000-3000 ppm ezithelweni, noma usebenzise i-gauze, amagilavu ​​​​e-gauze, njll. ukusula izithelo. Lokhu kungenza izithelo zivuthwe ezinsukwini ezingu-6-8 ngaphambili, kwandise isivuno sezithelo ezibomvu zakuqala, futhi ukuvuthwa okubomvu kanye nekhwalithi kungcono. Lapho umboza izithelo, ingxenye enkulu ye-epidermis noma ubuso bezithelo kuphela okudingeka bumbozwe, ngoba ngemva kokwelashwa nge-ethylene, ingajikeleza ngaphakathi kwesithelo, noma ngabe ezinye izingxenye zingambozwanga ngokugcwele, isithelo sonke sizoqhubeka sivuthwe. Lokhu kwelashwa kungandisa ukusebenza kahle futhi konge abasebenzi.

(3) Indlela yokufafaza izithelo: Ukuze ukhuthaze ukungena emakethe kwasekuqaleni kwamatamatisi asentwasahlobo nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo zokuqala nezesibili zokuvuna, sebenzisa isisombululo se-ethylene esingu-800-1000 ppm ngqo ukuze ufafaze izithelo, okungasheshisa ukuba bomvu futhi kukhule ezinsukwini ezingu-5-7 ngaphambili, kwandise isivuno sokuqala. Lapho ufafaza izithelo, zama ukugwema ukufafaza isisombululo eziqwini nasemaqabungeni.

(4) Indlela yokufutha izitshalo: Le ndlela ifanele utamatisi ocutshungulwa kanye kuphela. Isindisa abasebenzi futhi ilula, kodwa kuyadingeka ukulawula ngokuqinile isikhathi sokufutha kanye nokuhlushwa. Ngokuvamile, lapho izithelo eziningi seziphenduke zaba bomvu futhi kusenezithelo eziluhlaza, ukuze kusheshiswe ukuvuthwa kwalezi zithelo, sebenzisa isisombululo se-ethylene esingu-1000 ppm ukuze ufafaze isitshalo sonke. Ngale ndlela, izingcezu zikatamatisi zizophenduka ziphuzi ngokushesha, izithelo eziluhlaza zizovuthwa ngokushesha, futhi isilinganiso sezithelo ezibomvu ezivuthiwe sizokhula kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuvuna. Uma i-ethylene ifuthwa esitshalweni ngaphambi kwesigaba sokuvuthwa, ingasheshisa ukuvuthwa okubomvu ngezinsuku ezi-5-6, kodwa ukuhlushwa kufanele kube ngaphansi, okungcono kube ama-milligram angu-500-1000 ngelitha. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kulula ukubangela ukuwa kwamaqabunga aphuzi namaqabunga.

2. Upelepele: Uma isikhumba sesithelo sishintsha umbala, sebenzisa i-ethylene engu-1000-4000 milligrams ngelitha ukuze ucwilise izithelo, okungasheshisa ukuvuthwa kwezithelo nokushintsha kombala. Ungafafaza futhi i-ethylene engu-1000 milligrams ngelitha ukuze ukhuthaze ukuvuthwa, kodwa ivame ukubangela ukuwa kwamaqabunga.

3. Ikhabe: Ngaphambi kokuba isithelo sikhule ngokugcwele kodwa singakavuthwa, fafaza i-ethylene engama-300-500 milligrams ngelitha ngalinye ezithelweni, okungenza izithelo zivuthwe ezinsukwini ezi-5-7 ngaphambili. Njengoba izithelo zekhabe zikhulu, ukufafaza ikhambi ezithelweni kuphela ngokuvamile akubangeli ukulimala ezitshalweni.

4. Ukuvuthwa kwamagilebhisi: Ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi ngezinhlobo ezifana nezinyosi ezinkulu, lapho izithelo ziqala ukuvuthwa, fafaza noma ucwilise amamiligremu angu-250-300 ngekhilogramu ngayinye e-ethylene emaqoqweni ezithelo, okungasheshisa ukuvuthwa ngezinsuku ezingu-6-8, futhi kungadliwa ngosuku lwesihlanu ngemva kokufutha.

Uma usebenzisa i-ethylene ukuvuthwa kwamagilebhisi, amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele aqashelwe:

① Ukuhlushwa kufanele kufaneleke. Uma ukuhlushwa kuphansi kakhulu, umphumela ngeke ubonakale. Kodwa-ke, uma ukuhlushwa kungaphezu kwama-milligram angu-500 ngekhilogramu, kungenzeka ukuthi kubangele ukwehla kwezithelo.

② Isikhathi esifanele sokwelashwa yilapho izithelo ziqala ukuvuthwa. Ezinhlotsheni ezinemibala, umbala uqala ukuvela, kanti ezinhlotsheni ezimhlophe, amaqoqo ezithelo aphenduka aphuzi kancane. Lesi yisikhathi esiphumelela kakhulu sokwelashwa.

③ Uhlu olufanele kakhulu lokuvuthwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene luyahlukahluka. Ekukhiqizeni, kufanele kwenziwe izivivinyo ukuze kutholakale uhlu olufanele lokwelashwa kanye nendlela.

④ Njengoba i-ethylene inomphumela wokukhuthaza ukwakheka kwezingqimba zokuqunjelwa, ukusebenzisa i-ethylene yodwa ukuvuthwa kwamagilebhisi kuvame ukuholela ekuqhekekeni kwezithelo, okwenza amaqoqo amagilebhisi angamelani nokugcinwa nokuthuthwa. Ukuze kuncishiswe lo mphumela ongemuhle, kungafakwa amamiligremu ayi-10-20 ngekhilogramu ye-tributyrin noma amamiligremu ayi-10-15 ngekhilogramu ye-2,4,5-T uma kusetshenziswa i-ethylene, enomphumela omuhle ekuvimbeleni ukuqhekeka kwezithelo.

II. Ukukhuthaza Ukwehluka Kwezimbali Zabesifazane

Izitshalo zemifino ye-cucurbit ziyizitshalo ezihlala emanzini ezinezimbali zesilisa nezesifazane. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlukanisa izimbali zesilisa nezesifazane, ngaphezu kwezici eziyinhloko zokubonakaliswa kwe-genotype, amazinga ahlukene ama-hormone angathinta ukuhlukaniswa kobulili. Lapho amahlumela ezimbali zemifino ye-cucurbit engahlukaniswa, ukuwaphatha nge-ethephon kungandisa kakhulu inani lezimbali zesifazane. Ngokuvamile, ama-milligram angu-150 ngelitha le-ethephon afuthwa ebusweni beqabunga izikhathi ezingu-1 kuya kwezingu-3 eqabungeni lokuqala kuya kwelesi-5 lekhakhamba, eqabungeni lokuqala kuya kwelesi-4 lekhakhamba, kanye neqabungeni lesibili lekhakhamba. Eqabungeni lokuqala kuya kwelesi-3 lekhakhamba, ukufafaza ama-milligram angu-50 kuya ku-250 ngelitha le-ethephon izikhathi ezingu-1 kuya kwezingu-3 kungaba nomphumela wokubulala abesilisa futhi kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwembewu yasensimini yekhakhamba.

III. Ukukhuthaza Ukutshala Izitshalo Ezincane

Ukufutha amamiligremu angu-240-960 ngelitha le-ethephon kumaqabunga angu-1-4 eklabishi, i-celery, isanqante, i-radish, i-eggplant, utamatisi, kanye nethanga kuzonciphisa izinga lokukhula kwezitshalo futhi kubangele ukuthi ziyeke ukukhula. Kuphula ukungakhuli kwesitshalo. I-ethephon inomphumela wokuqeda ukungakhuli nokukhuthaza ukuhluma. Isibonelo, ukucwilisa amazambane kumamiligremu angu-50-200 ngelitha le-ethephon kungandisa inani lamahlumela, kanti ukwelapha i-ginger kungakhuthaza ukuhluma kwayo nokwandisa amagatsha ayo.

Ukulawula ukotini:I-IBAI-+DA-6 + i-ethephon ifushaniswe ngokuthi i-EBH. Ukwakheka kwayo kuyisisombululo samanzi esingu-30% kanye no-40%, esixutshwe izikhathi ezingu-1500 ukuze sisetshenziswe, kanye nomthamo ongu-20-30 ml nge-mu. Kungumlawuli wokukhula kwezitshalo oye waba yinto ethandwayo ekulawuleni ukuphakama kwezitshalo zikakotini eminyakeni yamuva futhi futhi ungumlawuli wokukhula kwezitshalo wokulawula ukuphakama kwezitshalo zommbila.