I-Flofenicol, okuphuma kokwenziwa kwe-monofluorinated kwe-thiamphenicol, isidakamizwa esisha esilwa namagciwane esibanzi se-chloramphenicol ukuze sisetshenziswe ezilwaneni, esakhiwa ngempumelelo ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980.
Endabeni yezifo ezivamile, amapulazi amaningi ezingulube asebenzisa i-florfenicol njalo ukuvimbela noma ukwelapha izifo zezingulube.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lwesifo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiliphi iqembu noma isigaba, abanye abalimi basebenzisa umthamo omkhulu we-florfenicol ukwelapha noma ukuvimbela izifo.I-Flofenicol ayiyona i-panacea.Kufanele isetshenziswe ngokunengqondo ukufeza umphumela oyifunayo.Okulandelayo yisingeniso esiningiliziwe somqondo ojwayelekile wokusetshenziswa kwe-florfenicol, ngethemba lokusiza wonke umuntu:
1. Izakhiwo ze-antibacterial ze-florfenicol
(1) I-Flofenicol iyisidakamizwa esilwa namagciwane esilwa namagciwane ahlukahlukene e-Gram-positive kanye nama-negative kanye ne-mycoplasma.Amagciwane azwelayo ahlanganisa i-bovine ne-porcine Haemophilus, i-Shigella dysenteriae, i-Salmonella, i-Escherichia coli, i-Pneumococcus, i-influenza bacillus, i-Streptococcus, i-Staphylococcus aureus, i-Chlamydia, i-Leptospira, i-Rickettsia, njll. umphumela ongcono wokuvimbela.
(2) Ukuhlolwa kwe-In vitro kanye ne-in vivo kubonisa ukuthi umsebenzi wayo wokulwa namagciwane ungcono kakhulu kunowamanje wemithi elwa namagciwane, njenge-thiamphenicol, i-oxytetracycline, i-tetracycline, i-ampicillin kanye nama-quinolones asetshenziswa kabanzi njengamanje.
(3) Ukusebenza okusheshayo, i-florfenicol ingafinyelela ekugxilweni kokwelapha egazini ihora elingu-1 ngemva kokujova emisipha, futhi ukuhlushwa kwezidakamizwa okuphezulu kungafinyelelwa emahoreni angu-1.5-3;Isidakamizwa esisebenza isikhathi eside, esisebenzayo singagcinwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angu-20 ngemva kokuphathwa okukodwa.
(4) Ingangena kumgoqo wegazi nobuchopho, futhi umphumela wayo wokwelapha ku-meningitis yebhaktheriya yezilwane awuqhathaniseki noweminye imithi elwa namagciwane.
(5) Ayinabo ubuthi nemiphumela engemihle lapho isetshenziswa enanini elinconyiwe, inqoba ingozi ye-aplastic anemia kanye nobunye ubuthi obubangelwa i-thiamphenicol, futhi ngeke ibangele ukulimala ezilwaneni nasekudleni.Isetshenziselwa izifo zezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomzimba ezibangelwa amagciwane ezilwaneni.Ukwelashwa kwezingulube, okuhlanganisa ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kwezifo zokuphefumula ezibangelwa amagciwane, i-meningitis, i-pleurisy, i-mastitis, izifo zamathumbu kanye nesifo sangemva kokubeletha ezingulubeni.
2. Amagciwane atholakala kalula e-florfenicol kanye nesifo sezingulube esithandwa yi-florfenicol
(1) Izifo zezingulube lapho kukhethwa i-florfenicol
Lo mkhiqizo utuswa njengomuthi okhethwayo we-swine pneumonia, porcine infectious pleuropneumonia kanye nesifo se-Haemophilus parasuis, ikakhulukazi ekwelapheni amagciwane amelana ne-fluoroquinolones namanye ama-antibiotic.
(2) I-Flofenicol ingasetshenziswa futhi ekwelapheni izifo zezingulube ezilandelayo
Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukwelapha izifo zokuphefumula ezibangelwa i-Streptococcus (i-pneumonia), i-Bordetella bronchiseptica (i-atrophic rhinitis), i-Mycoplasma pneumoniae (isifuba somoya wezingulube), njll.;i-salmonellosis (i-piglet paratyphoid), i-colibacillosis (i-piglet asthma) Izifo zohlelo lokugaya ukudla njenge-enteritis ebangelwa uhudo oluphuzi, isifo sohudo esimhlophe, isifo se-piglet edema) namanye amagciwane azwelayo.I-Flofenicol ingasetshenziswa ekwelapheni lezi zifo zezingulube, kodwa akuwona umuthi okhethwayo kulezi zifo zezingulube, ngakho-ke kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuqapha.
3. Ukusetshenziswa okungalungile kwe-florfenicol
(1) Umthamo mkhulu kakhulu noma mncane kakhulu.Eminye imithamo yokudla okuxubile ifinyelela ku-400 mg/kg, kanti imithamo yomjovo ifinyelela ku-40-100 mg/kg, noma ngaphezulu kwalokho.Ezinye zincane njenge-8 ~ 15mg/kg.Imithamo emikhulu inobuthi, futhi imithamo emincane ayisebenzi.
(2) Isikhathi side kakhulu.Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside komthamo omkhulu wezidakamizwa ngaphandle kokuzithiba.
(3) Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto nezigaba akulungile.Ingulube ekhulelwe kanye nezingulube ezikhuluphalisayo zisebenzisa izidakamizwa ezinjalo ngokungakhethi, zibangela ubuthi noma izinsalela zezidakamizwa, okuholela ekukhiqizeni okungaphephile nokudla.
(4) Ukuhambisana okungalungile.Abanye abantu bavame ukusebenzisa i-florfenicol ngokuhlanganiswa ne-sulfonamides ne-cephalosporins.Ukuthi kungokwesayensi futhi kunengqondo yini kufanelekile ukuhlola.
(5) Ukuphakelwa okuxubile kanye nokuphatha akunyakaziswa ngokulinganayo, okubangela kungabikho umphumela wemithi noma ubuthi bezidakamizwa.
4. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinyathelo zokuphepha ze-florfenicol
(1) Lo mkhiqizo akufanele uhlanganiswe nama-macrolides (njenge-tylosin, i-erythromycin, i-roxithromycin, i-tilmicosin, i-guitarmycin, i-azithromycin, i-clarithromycin, njll.), i-lincosamide ( Njenge-lincomycin, i-clindamycin) kanye ne-diterpenoid semi-synthetic, inhlanganisela ye-Tiamulin uma kuhlangene kungaveza umphumela ophikisayo.
(2) Lo mkhiqizo awukwazi ukusetshenziswa uhlanganiswe ne-β-lactone amines (njenge-penicillin, i-cephalosporins) kanye ne-fluoroquinolones (njenge-enrofloxacin, i-ciprofloxacin, njll.), ngoba lo mkhiqizo uyisivimbeli sephrotheni yebhaktheriya , lesi sakamuva siwumuthi obulala amagciwane osebenza ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokuzala.Ngaphansi kwesenzo sangaphambili, i-bacterial protein synthesis ivinjelwa ngokushesha, amabhaktheriya ayeka ukukhula nokuphindaphinda, futhi umphumela we-bactericidal walokhu wokugcina uba buthaka.Ngakho-ke, lapho ukwelashwa kudinga ukwenza umphumela wokuvala inzalo ngokushesha, angeke kusetshenziswe ndawonye.
(3) Lo mkhiqizo awukwazi ukuxutshwa ne-sulfadiazine sodium ngomjovo we-intramuscular.Akufanele isetshenziswe ngokuhambisana nezidakamizwa ezine-alkaline lapho iphathwa ngomlomo noma nge-intramuscularly, ukuze ugweme ukubola nokwehluleka.Ayifanelekile futhi ukujova nge-intravenous nge-tetracycline hydrochloride, kanamycin, adenosine triphosphate, coenzyme A, njll., ukugwema imvula kanye nokuncipha kokusebenza kahle.
(4) Ukuwohloka kwemisipha kanye ne-necrosis kungase kubangele ngemva kokujova kwe-intramuscular.Ngakho-ke, ingajovwa ngokushintshana emisipha ejulile yentamo nezinqe, futhi akufanelekile ukuphinda umjovo endaweni efanayo.
(5) Ngenxa yokuthi lo mkhiqizo ungase ube ne-embryotoxicity, kufanele usetshenziswe ngokuqapha ezingulubeni ezikhulelwe nezincelisayo.
(6) Uma izinga lokushisa lomzimba wezingulube ezigulayo liphezulu, lingasetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nama-antipyretic analgesics kanye ne-dexamethasone, futhi umphumela uba ngcono.
(7) Ekuvimbeleni nasekwelapheni i-porcine Respiratory Syndrome (PRDC), abanye abantu batusa ukusetshenziswa okuhlangene kwe-florfenicol ne-amoxicillin, i-florfenicol ne-tylosin, ne-florfenicol ne-tylosin.Kuyafaneleka, ngoba ngokombono we-pharmacological, lezi ezimbili azikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa.Kodwa-ke, i-florfenicol ingasetshenziswa ngokuhambisana ne-tetracyclines njenge-doxycycline.
(8) Lo mkhiqizo unobuthi be-hematological.Nakuba ingeke ibangele i-aplastic anemia engenakulungiseka yomnkantsha, ukuvinjelwa okubuyisela emuva kwe-erythropoiesis okubangelwa yiyo kuvame kakhulu kunaleyo ye-chloramphenicol (ekhubazekile).I-contraindicated ngesikhathi sokugoma noma izilwane ezine-immunodeficiency enzima.
(9) Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kungase kubangele ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla kanye nokuntuleka kwamavithamini noma izimpawu zokungenwa yigciwane.
(10) Ekuvimbeleni nasekwelapheni izifo zezingulube, kufanele kuqashelwe, futhi umuthi kufanele uphathwe ngokuhambisana nesilinganiso esinqunyiwe kanye nenkambo yokwelashwa, futhi akufanele sisetshenziswe kabi ukuze kugwenywe imiphumela emibi.
(11) Ezilwaneni ezinokwehluleka kwezinso, umthamo kufanele wehliswe noma isikhathi sokuphatha kufanele sinwetshwe.
(12) Uma izinga lokushisa liphansi, kutholakala ukuthi izinga lokuchithwa lihamba kancane;noma isixazululo esilungisiwe sinemvula ye-florfenicol, futhi sidinga ukushisisa kancane (hhayi ngaphezu kuka-45 ℃) ukuze incibilike ngokushesha.Isixazululo esilungisiwe sisetshenziswa kangcono kungakapheli amahora angama-48.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-09-2022