Yiziphi izinambuzane ezingalawulwa yiBacillus thuringiensis?

I-Bacillus thuringiensis, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Bacillus thuringiensis var. popilliae, iyibhaktheriya elimise okwenduku. Ngesikhathi sokuzala kwayo, ingxenye eyodwa yakha i-spore, ngaleyo ndlela iba yibhaktheriya eyakha i-spore, kanti enye ingxenye ikhiqiza amaprotheni ekristalu. Lawa maprotheni ekristalu anomphumela oqinile wokubulala izinambuzane, ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezingaphezu kwe-100 zezinambuzane ze-lepidopteran njenge-cotton bollworm, i-small cabbage moth, i-diamondback moth, i-rice budworm, i-silkworm, i-pine caterpillar, i-tobacco budworm, i-corn borer, i-cotton bollworm, i-rice streaked stem borer, i-grass moth, kanye ne-ground beetle. Kuyisibulala-zinambuzane esinamagciwane esiye saba yisihloko socwaningo olujulile, intuthuko esheshayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa okubanzi kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Ngenxa yobuthi bayo obuphansi, ubungane bemvelo, kanye nomphumela omuhle wokubulala izinambuzane, ithandwa kakhulu ngabalimi.

I. Izici Eziyinhloko zeI-Bacillus thuringiensis

1. Uhla olubanzi lweukulawulwa kwezinambuzanel: Ubuthi obukhiqizwa yi-Bacillus thuringiensis bungalawula amakhulu ezinambuzane, ikakhulukazi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ngokumelene nezibungu ze-lepidopteran. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekulawuleni izibungu zeklabishi, izibungu zekotoni, izimbungu ze-turnip ebusuku, izimbungu ze-striped night, izimbungu ze-sugar beet ebusuku, izimbungu zeklabishi ezincane, izimbungu zegwayi, izimbungu ze-rice stem borers zesizukulwane sesibili, izimbungu zommbila, izimbungu zetiye, izimbungu zephayini, izimbungu zetiye, izimbungu zebhontshisi, izimbungu ezinamathelayo zommbila, izimbungu ze-silver-winged night, kanye nezimbungu zomiyane, kanye nezinambuzane ezithile ezifana nezimbungu, izinenke, kanye nezimpungushe.

2. Ukukhetha: I-Bacillus thuringiensis ihlasela kakhulu izinambuzane ezine-alkaline emathunjini azo futhi inomphumela wokubulala onamandla. Ayinabo ubuthi kubantu, emfuyweni, ezinyosini, ezinhlanzini, kuma-shrimp, ezinkalankala nakwezinye izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini.

3. Uhla olubanzi lokusetshenziswa: I-Bacillus thuringiensis ingasetshenziswa kabanzi kukotini, amakinati, ubhontshisi, amazambane, ilayisi, i-rape, utamatisi, ama-eggplant, upelepele, iklabishi, iklabishi yaseShayina, i-cauliflower, njll. imifino, kanye ne-apula, izihlahla zamapheya, amagilebhisi, ama-walnuts, izithelo ze-citrus, ama-lychees, ama-kiwi, ama-longan, ama-mango, njll. izihlahla zezithelo, kanye nasezitshalweni ezahlukahlukene njengezimbali, amakhambi ezokwelapha aseShayina, njll.

4. Akukho ukumelana: I-Bacillus thuringiensis uhlobo lwebhaktheriya eyakha i-spore engakhiqiza amaprotheni e-sporulation crystal futhi isebenze ngaphandle nangaphakathi ezinambuzaneni. Izinambuzane azikwazi ukumelana nezinambuzane. Nakuba isetshenziswe amashumi eminyaka ambalwa, isalokhu iyi-insecticide enhle kakhulu yamagciwane kuze kube namuhla.

5. Ukuhambisana okuhle: I-Bacillus thuringiensis ihambisana kahle futhi ingaxutshwa nezibulala-zinambuzane ezisebenza ngokushesha njenge-methomyl, i-avermectin, ne-indoxacarb, okuholela emiphumeleni ebalulekile yokusebenzisana.

6. Akukho ukungcola okuvela ku-poison ezinhlanu: I-Bacillus thuringiensis iyibhaktheriya elinomumo wenduku elingenabo ubuthi kubantu, ezinhlanzini, ezinkalankala, ezinkalankala, njll., futhi alibangeli ukungcola emvelweni. Ngakho-ke, seliyisidakamizwa esithandwayo sokubulala izinambuzane ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo yezolimo eluhlaza nengenabo ukungcola.

II. Izindlela Zokusebenzisa i-Bacillus thuringiensis

Ukuze kulawulwe izinambuzane ezifana ne-sugar beet moth, i-small cabbage moth, kanye ne-cabbage catter, ingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sesigaba sama-larval lapho izinambuzane zisencane. Sebenzisa amagremu angu-30-40 e-2% Avisept Bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder ngehektare, exutshwe namakhilogremu angu-30-40 amanzi ukuze kufefwe ngendlela efanayo. Lokhu kungabulala izinambuzane ngokushesha futhi kube nomphumela ohlala isikhathi eside ngesivinini esihle.

Ukuze kulawulwe izinambuzane ezifana ne-light moth, i-rice budworm, i-pine caterpillar, i-corn borer, i-large moth, kanye ne-needle moth, sebenzisa amagremu angu-25-35 e-1% Avisept Bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder ngehektare, exutshwe namakhilogremu angu-30 amanzi ukuze kufefwe ngendlela efanayo. Lokhu kungalawula ngokushesha umonakalo owengeziwe obangelwa yizinambuzane.

III. Izinyathelo Zokuqapha Nge-Bacillus thuringiensis

1. Sebenzisa kusenesikhathi: Njengebhaktheriya, uma isetshenziswa yodwa, isivinini sokubulala sihamba kancane. Ngakho-ke, kufanele isetshenziswe esigabeni sokuqala sokuvela kwezinambuzane ukuze kulawulwe kangcono umonakalo obangelwa yizinambuzane.

2. Sebenzisa ntambama: Ukukhanya kwelanga okunamandla cishe kuzobulala leli gciwane. Ngakho-ke, uma usebenzisa lesi sibulala-zinambuzane, kungcono ukukhetha ukusisebenzisa ngaphambi kuka-10 ekuseni noma ngemva kuka-4 ntambama, ngemiphumela engcono.

3. Ukusetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu: I-Bacillus thuringiensis iyasebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Uma izinga lokushisa lidlula ama-20℃, umphumela uba ngcono.