Omiyane beza minyaka yonke, ungakugwema kanjani? Ukuze bangahlukunyezwa yilaba bafana, abantu bebelokhu bethuthukisa izikhali ezahlukene zokubhekana nezimo. Kusukela kumanethi omiyane okuzivikela angasebenzi kanye nezikrini zamafasitela, kuya emithini yokubulala izinambuzane esebenzayo, imithi yokuxosha omiyane, kanye namanzi angasese angacacile, kuya kumasongo omkhiqizo osaziwayo we-inthanethi eminyakeni yamuva nje, ubani ongaphepha futhi asebenze kahle eqenjini ngalinye?
01
Ama-pyrethroids–isikhali sokubulala ngenkuthalo
Umqondo wokubhekana nomiyane ungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: ukubulala okusebenzayo kanye nokuzivikela okungasebenzi. Phakathi kwazo, iqembu lokubulala elisebenzayo aligcini nje ngokuba nomlando omude, kodwa futhi linomphumela oqondakala kalula. Ezindaweni zokuxosha omiyane zasekhaya ezimelelwa yizikhoyili zomiyane, izixobeli zomiyane zikagesi, uketshezi lwezikhoyili zomiyane zikagesi, izibulala-zinambuzane ze-aerosol, njll., isithako esiyinhloko esisebenzayo yi-pyrethroid. Kuyisibulala-zinambuzane esibanzi esingalawula izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene futhi sinomphumela oqinile wokuthinta. Indlela yaso yokusebenza ukuphazamisa imizwa yezinambuzane, okubangela ukuba zife ngenxa yokushaqeka, ukuqaqamba, kanye nokukhubazeka. Lapho sisebenzisa izibulali-zinambuzane, ukuze sibulale omiyane kangcono, sivame ukuzama ukugcina indawo yangaphakathi ivaliwe, ukuze okuqukethwe yi-pyrethroids kugcinwe ezingeni elizinzile.
Inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu yama-pyrethroids ukuthi asebenza kahle kakhulu, adinga amazinga aphansi kuphela ukuze ashaye omiyane. Nakuba ama-pyrethroids angaguqulwa abe yi-metabolism futhi akhishwe ngemva kokuhogela emzimbeni womuntu, asenobuthi obuncane futhi azoba nomthelela othile ohlelweni lwezinzwa lomuntu. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kungadala nezimpawu ezifana nokuzungeza, ikhanda elibuhlungu, i-nerve paresthesia kanye nokukhubazeka kwemizwa. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukungafaki izinto zokuxosha omiyane ekhanda lombhede lapho ulele ukuze ugweme ukungakhululeki okubangelwa ukuphefumula umoya oqukethe amazinga aphezulu kakhulu ama-pyrethroids.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibulala-zinambuzane zohlobo lwe-aerosol zivame ukuqukethe izinto eziyingozi ezinephunga elimnandi, futhi abantu abane-allergies kudingeka bazigweme lapho besebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane zohlobo lwe-aerosol. Isibonelo, phuma ekamelweni bese uvala iminyango namafasitela ngokushesha ngemva kokufutha inani elifanele, bese ubuya uzovula amafasitela ukuze kungene umoya ngemva kwamahora ambalwa, okungaqinisekisa umphumela nokuphepha kokubulala omiyane ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Njengamanje, ama-pyrethroids avamile emakethe ikakhulukazi yi-tetrafluthrin kanye ne-chlorofluthrin. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi umphumela wokuqothulwa kwe-cyfluthrin komiyane ungcono kunowe-tetrafluthrin, kodwa i-tetrafluthrin ingcono kune-cyfluthrin ngokuphepha. Ngakho-ke, lapho uthenga imikhiqizo yokuxosha omiyane, ungenza izinqumo ezithile ngokuya ngomuntu oyisebenzisayo. Uma kungekho bantwana ekhaya, kungcono ukukhetha imikhiqizo equkethe i-fenfluthrin; uma kukhona abantwana emndenini, kuphephile ukukhetha imikhiqizo equkethe i-fenfluthrin.
02
Isifutho sokuxosha omiyane kanye nesixosha amanzi – gcina uphephile ngokukhohlisa umuzwa wokuhogela komiyane
Ngemva kokukhuluma ngokubulala okusebenzayo, ake sixoxe ngokuzivikela okungasebenzi. Lolu hlobo lufana kancane “nezinsimbi zegolide kanye namahembe ensimbi” ezincwadini zikaJin Yong. Esikhundleni sokubhekana nomiyane, bagcina la “ma-vampire” kude nathi futhi bawahlukanise nokuphepha ngezindlela ezithile.
Phakathi kwazo, isifutho sokuxosha omiyane kanye namanzi okuxosha omiyane yizona zinto eziyinhloko ezimele. Isimiso sabo sokuxosha omiyane ukuphazamisa iphunga lomiyane ngokufutha esikhumbeni nasezingutsheni, besebenzisa iphunga elizondwa omiyane noma bakhe ungqimba oluvikelayo oluzungeze isikhumba. Awukwazi ukuhogela iphunga elikhethekile elikhishwa umzimba womuntu, ngaleyo ndlela udlala indima yokuhlukanisa omiyane.
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi amanzi endlu yangasese, nawo anomphumela "wokuxosha omiyane", awumkhiqizo wamakha owenziwe ngamafutha endlu yangasese njengephunga eliyinhloko futhi ahambisana notshwala. Imisebenzi yawo eyinhloko ukuhlanza, ukubulala amagciwane, ukushisa okulwa nokuhlaba kanye nokulunywa. Nakuba kungadlala nomphumela othile wokulwa nomiyane, uma kuqhathaniswa nesifutho sokulwa nomiyane kanye namanzi okuxosha omiyane, kokubili isimiso sokusebenza kanye nezingxenye eziyinhloko kuhlukile ngokuphelele, futhi lokhu kokubili akukwazi ukusetshenziswa esikhundleni somunye nomunye.
03
Isongo Esixosha Umiyane Nesitika Esixosha Umiyane–Kungaba usizo noma cha kuncike ezithakweni eziyinhloko
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinhlobo zemikhiqizo yokubulala omiyane emakethe ziye zanda kakhulu. Imikhiqizo eminingi yokubulala omiyane egqokwayo njengezitikha zokubulala omiyane, amabhakede okubulala omiyane, amawashi okubulala omiyane, amabhande esihlakala okubulala omiyane, amapendant okubulala omiyane, njll. Kudingeka ukuthi ithintane ngqo nesikhumba, okuyinto ethandwa ngabantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi abazali bezingane. Le mikhiqizo ngokuvamile igqokwa emzimbeni womuntu futhi yakha ungqimba oluvikelayo oluzungeze umzimba womuntu ngosizo lwephunga lomuthi, okuphazamisa umuzwa wokuhogela omiyane, ngaleyo ndlela idlala indima yokuxosha omiyane.
Uma uthenga lolu hlobo lomkhiqizo oxosha omiyane, ngaphezu kokuhlola inombolo yesitifiketi sokubhaliswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, kuyadingeka futhi ukuhlola ukuthi uqukethe izithako ezisebenza kahle ngempela, bese ukhetha imikhiqizo enezithako ezifanele kanye nokugxila kwayo ngokuya ngezimo zokusetshenziswa kanye nezinhloso zokusetshenziswa.
Njengamanje, kunezithako ezine eziphephile nezisebenzayo zokubulala omiyane ezibhaliswe yi-US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) futhi ezinconywe yi-US Centers for Disease Control (CDC): i-DEET, i-Picaridin, i-DEET (IR3535) / i-Imonin), i-Lemon Eucalyptus Oil (OLE) noma i-extract yayo i-Lemon Eucalyptol (PMD). Phakathi kwazo, ezintathu zokuqala zingamakhemikhali, kanti ezokugcina zingamakhemikhali ezitshalo. Ngokombono womphumela, i-DEET inomphumela omuhle wokubulala omiyane futhi ihlala isikhathi eside, ilandelwa yi-picaridin ne-DEET, kanye ne-lemon eucalyptus oil repellent. Omiyane bahlala isikhathi esifushane.
Ngokuphathelene nokuphepha, ngobaI-DEETUma icasula isikhumba, ngokuvamile sincoma ukuthi izingane zisebenzise imikhiqizo yokuxosha omiyane enokuqukethwe kwe-DEET okungaphansi kuka-10%. Ezinsaneni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, ungasebenzisi imikhiqizo yokuxosha omiyane equkethe i-DEET. Isixosha omiyane asinayo imiphumela enobuthi kanye nemiphumela emibi esikhumbeni, futhi ngeke singene esikhumbeni. Njengamanje sibhekwa njengomkhiqizo wokuxosha omiyane ophephile futhi singasetshenziswa nsuku zonke. Njengoba sithathwe emithonjeni yemvelo, uwoyela we-lemon eucalyptus uphephile futhi awucasuli isikhumba, kodwa ama-hydrocarbon e-terpenoid aqukethe angabangela ukungezwani komzimba. Ngakho-ke, emazweni amaningi aseYurophu naseMelika, akukhuthazwa ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emithathu ubudala.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-05-2022