Yisiphi isibulala-zinambuzane esikhulu ezingxenyeni ezintathu zokwelapha imbewu kakolweni esisebenza kahle kakhulu?

Ngenxa yokuthi izinambuzane ezingaphansi komhlaba ziye zanda kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kotshani obubuyela emasimini kanye nobusika obufudumele kuye kwahlinzeka ngezimo ezinhle zezinambuzane eziningi ezingaphansi komhlaba. Uma isibulala-zinambuzane esikhethiwe sokugqoka imbewu kakolweni singafaneleki, singaholela ezinkingeni ezifana nokungabikho kwezithombo kanye nokuphuka (ukungaqhubeki kwemigqa) kukolweni. Njengamanje, ama-ejenti okugqoka imbewu avamile emakethe aqukethe kakhulu ama-insecticide asekelwe ku-nicotine anemiphumela emihle yokumuncwa kwangaphakathi. Abameleli abajwayelekile yizibulala-zinambuzane ezintathu ezinkulu eziqukethwe kuma-ejenti okugqoka imbewu – imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, kanye ne-thiamethionam.

1. Imidacloprid

I-Imidacloprid yayiyisibulala-zinambuzane sokuqala esisetshenziswa ekuxubeni imbewu kakolweni. Yayiyisizukulwane sokuqala se-agent yokuxuba imbewu kakolweni. Yathola impumelelo enkulu ekutshalweni kukakolweni ngalowo nyaka, ngempumelelo enhle kakhulu ekulawuleni ama-aphid kakolweni. Ngemva kokuxuba ne-imidacloprid, kwakune-aphid ezimbalwa kakhulu esigabeni sokugcina. Kodwa-ke, inkinga yamanje nge-imidacloprid ukuthi uma isetshenziswa ngobuningi isikhathi eside, izinambuzane zithuthukisa ukumelana. Ifaneleka kuphela ezindaweni ezine-aphid encane noma izindawo ezine-aphid evamile, noma izindawo ezingazange zisebenzise ama-agent okuxuba imbewu njalo. Izindleko ziphansi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-imidacloprid inamandla ajwayelekile ngokumelene nama-grub nezinye izinambuzane ezingaphansi komhlaba. Akunconywa ukukhetha ama-agent okuxuba imbewu aqukethe i-imidacloprid ezindaweni ezinomonakalo wezinambuzane ezingaphansi komhlaba.

2. I-Thiamethoxam

Njengamanje, iyisibulala-zinambuzane esivamile esisetshenziselwa ukugqoka imbewu kakolweni ukuvimbela izinambuzane. Ummeleli ojwayelekile ukwakheka kwe-benomyl·cyprodinil·thiamethoxam okuyizingxenye ezintathu.

I-Thiamethoxam iyisibulala-zinambuzane esisebenza kahle kakhulu phakathi kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe ku-nicotine. Inamathela ebusweni bembewu futhi ingamuncwa uhlelo lwezimpande kamuva. Uma nje izinambuzane zidla izitshalo, zizobe zinobuthi futhi zife. Inemiphumela ehlala isikhathi eside futhi isebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvimbeleni izinambuzane ezifana nama-aphid nama-grub. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-imidacloprid, inezinzuzo ezisobala zomphumela wokubulala izinambuzane kanye nokusebenza kahle ngokumelene nezinambuzane ezingaphansi komhlaba. Njengamanje, ukumelana nezinambuzane kuphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-thiamethoxam ayigcini nje ngokuba nemiphumela emihle yokulawula izinambuzane kodwa futhi ikhuthaza ukukhula kwezimpande zezitshalo, okwenza kube isibulala-zinambuzane esingabizi kakhulu nesisebenzayo sokugqoka imbewu.

3. I-Clothiandin

Eminyakeni emibili edlule, abakhiqizi abaningi bebelokhu bekhangisa lo mkhiqizo ukuze usetshenziswe ekufakweni kwembewu kakolweni. Umphumela wawo muhle impela, futhi unamandla okufaka esikhundleni se-thiamethoxam njengomkhiqizo oyinhloko ezinhlotsheni zokufakwa kwembewu kakolweni. Umphumela wesistimu we-thiamethoxam uphansi kancane kunowe-thiamethionam, kodwa unesikhathi eside sokugcina emhlabathini.

Amanothi:

Okokuqala, ukuze kufakwe imbewu, lezi zinambuzane ezintathu ezisekelwe ku-nicotine kufanele zikhethwe. Uma kusetshenziswa, kunconywa ukuthi abalimi bazihlanganise nezidakamizwa zokubulala izinambuzane, njenge-carbendazim, i-benomyl, njll. Ukwelashwa okuhlangene kwezinambuzane nezifo kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle.

Okwesibili, lapho ukhetha, zama ukukhetha uhlobo lwe-ejenti yokubopha imbewu yokumiswa yokugqoka imbewu. Lolu hlobo lwenzelwe ngqo ukugqoka imbewu futhi lunesilinganiso esiphezulu sokusetshenziswa kanye nokuphepha okungcono. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuthenga i-ejenti yokubopha imbewu ezinikele, ungakhetha ngqo uhlobo lwe-ejenti yokumiswa noma uhlobo lwe-granule oluhlakazeka ngamanzi (ngaphandle kohlobo lwamafutha olungenakunyakaziswa). Kodwa-ke, lapho usebenzisa, kufanele kwenziwe ukwanda okufanele komthamo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle.