I-Azamethiphos Eningi Enentengo Engcono Kakhulu CAS 35575-96-3

Isingeniso

I-Azamethiphosiyisibulala-zinambuzane esisebenza kahle kakhulu nesisetshenziswa kabanzi esiyingxenye yeqembu le-organophosphate. Yaziwa kakhulu ngokulawula kwayo okuhle kakhulu izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene eziyinkinga. Le nhlanganisela yamakhemikhali isetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni zokuhlala kanye nezebhizinisi.I-Azamethiphosiphumelela kakhulu ekulawuleni nasekuqedeni izinambuzane eziningi nezinambuzane. Lo mkhiqizo uyithuluzi eliwusizo kochwepheshe bokulawula izinambuzane kanye nabaninikhaya ngokufanayo.

Izicelo

1. Ukusetshenziswa Kwendlu:I-AzamethiphosIsebenza kahle kakhulu ekulawuleni izinambuzane zasemakhaya. Ingasetshenziswa ngokuphephile emakhaya, emafulethini, nakwezinye izakhiwo zokuhlala ukulwa nezinambuzane ezivamile njengezimpukane, amaphela, kanye nomiyane. Izakhiwo zayo ezisele ziqinisekisa ukulawula isikhathi eside, kunciphisa amathuba okuphinda kungene.

2. Ukusetshenziswa Kwezentengiselwano: Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okumangalisayo, i-Azamethiphos isetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zezentengiselwano njengezindawo zokudlela, izindawo zokucubungula ukudla, izindawo zokugcina impahla, nasemahhotela. Ilawula ngempumelelo izimpukane, amabhungane, nezinye izinambuzane, ithuthukisa ukuhlanzeka kwendle kanye nokugcina indawo ephephile.

3. Ukusetshenziswa Kwezolimo: I-Azamethiphos isetshenziswa kabanzi kwezolimoukulawulwa kwezinambuzaneIzinhloso. Kusiza ukuvikela izitshalo nemfuyo ezinambuzaneni, kuqinisekisa isivuno esinempilo kanye nokuvikela impilo yezilwane. Abalimi bangasebenzisa lo mkhiqizo ukulawula ngempumelelo izimpukane, amabhungane, nezinye izinambuzane ezingalimaza izitshalo noma zithinte imfuyo.

Ukusebenzisa Izindlela

1. Ukuxutshwa Nokuxuba: I-Azamethiphos ivame ukunikezwa njengoketshezi oludinga ukuxutshwa ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Landela imiyalelo yomenzi ukuze unqume izinga lokuxuba elifanele lezinambuzane ezihlosiwe kanye nendawo ephathwayo.

2. Amasu Okusebenzisa: Kuye ngesimo, i-Azamethiphos ingasetshenziswa kusetshenziswa izifutho eziphathwa ngesandla, imishini yokufutha, noma ezinye izindlela ezifanele zokusebenzisa. Qinisekisa ukuthi indawo eqondiwe imbozwe kahle ukuze kulawulwe kahle.

3. Izinyathelo Zokuphepha: Njenganoma yimuphi umkhiqizo wamakhemikhali, kubalulekile ukugqoka izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele, njengezigilavu ​​nezibuko, lapho uphatha noma ufakaI-AzamethiphosGwema ukuthintana nesikhumba, amehlo, noma izingubo. Gcina umkhiqizo endaweni epholile, eyomile, kude nezingane nezilwane ezifuywayo.

4. Ukusetshenziswa Okunconywayo: Kubalulekile ukulandela iziqondiso zokusetshenziswa ezinconywayo ezinikezwe umenzi. Gwema ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile futhi usebenzise kuphela uma kudingeka ukuze ugcine ukulawula okuphumelelayo izinambuzane ngaphandle kokuvezwa ngokungadingekile.

Umsebenzi

Luhlobo lwesibulala-zinambuzane se-organophosphorus, impuphu emhlophe noma emhlophe ekristalu, enuka kabi, encibilika kancane emanzini, encibilika kalula ku-methanol, i-dichloromethane nezinye izinyibilikisi eziphilayo. Isetshenziselwa ukubulala izinambuzane ezimunca igazi njengezimpukane ezifuyweni nasezindlini zezinkukhu. Lo mkhiqizo wokulungiswa wengezwa ngesithako esidonsela izimpukane ngaphandle, esinomphumela wokubamba izimpukane, futhi singasetshenziswa njengesifutho noma isimbozo.
Lo mkhiqizo uwuhlobo olusha lwesibulala-zinambuzane se-organophosphorus esinobuthi obuphansi. Ngokuyinhloko ubuthi besisu, kokubili ukuthinta nokubulala izimpukane, amaphela, izintuthwane kanye nezinye izinambuzane ezindala. Ngenxa yokuthi abadala balezi zinambuzane banomkhuba wokukhotha njalo, izidakamizwa ezisebenza ngobuthi besisu zisebenza kangcono. Uma zihlanganiswa nesikhuthazi, zingandisa ikhono lokuheha izimpukane izikhathi ezingu-2-3. Ngokusho kokuhlushwa okucacisiwe kokufuthwa kanye kuphela, izinga lokunciphisa izimpukane lingafinyelela ku-84% ~ 97%. I-Methylpyridinium nayo inezici zesikhathi eside esisele. Ipendwe ekhadibhodini, ilengiswe ekamelweni noma inamathiselwe odongeni, umphumela osele ungamaviki ayi-10 kuya kwangu-12, ufafazwe ophahleni lodonga umphumela osele ungamaviki ayi-6 kuya kwangu-8.
Cishe yonke i-zolidion imuncwa yizilwane ngemva kokuyidla. Ngemva kwamahora angu-12 okusetshenziswa kwangaphakathi, u-76% womuthi wakhishwa emchameni, u-5% endle, kanye no-0.5% ebisini. Insalela ezicutshini yayiphansi, u-0.022mg/kg emisipheni kanye no-0.14 ~ 0.4mg/kg ezinso. Izinkukhu zanikwa ukudla okunemithi okungu-5mg/kg kanti inani elisele ngemva kwamahora angu-22 lalingu-0.1mg/kg egazini kanye no-0.6mg/kg ezinso. Kungabonakala ukuthi umuthi uhlala uncane kakhulu enyameni, emafutheni nasemaqandeni, futhi asikho isidingo sokuchaza isikhathi sokuhoxa. Ngaphezu kwezimpukane ezindala, lo mkhiqizo ubuye ube nomphumela omuhle wokubulala amaphela, izintuthwane, izinambuzane, njll. Usetshenziswa kakhulu ukubulala izimpukane ezindala ezindlini, ezindlini zezinkukhu, njll. Uphinde usetshenziswe ukubulala izimpukane namaphela emakamelweni okuhlala, ezindaweni zokudlela, ezimbonini zokudla nakwezinye izindawo.
I-acute transoral LD50 yamagundane anobuthi yayingu-1180mg/kg, kanti i-acute transcutaneous LD50 yamagundane yayingu->2150mg/kg. Ukucasuka okuncane emehlweni onogwaja, akukho ukucasuka esikhumbeni. Ukuhlolwa kokudla kwezinsuku ezingu-90 kubonise ukuthi umthamo ongenamphumela wawungu-20mg/kg wokudla kumagundane kanye no-10mg/kg ezinjeni (0.3mg/kg ngosuku). I-LC50 ye-rainbow trout yayingu-0.2mg/L, i-LC50 ye-common carp yayingu-6.0mg/kg, i-LC50 ye-green gill yayingu-8.0mg/L (konke kungu-96h), okwakunobuthi obuphansi ezinyonini kanye nobuthi ezinyosini.